Serologic, endoscopic and pathologic findings in pediatric celiac disease: A single center experience in a low/middle income country

Table 1 Clinical presentation of typical and atypical celiac disease

Clinical presentations	Typical, n = 120		Atypical, n = 79		P value
	n	%	n	%
Male	62	51.7	41	51.9	0.974
Female	58	48.3	38	48.1
Chronic diarrhea	119	99.2	1	1.3	< 0.001
Abdominal distention	83	69.2	33	41.8	< 0.001
Constipation	6	5	13	16.5	0.007
Weight loss	81	67.5	49	62	0.427
Anemia	119	99.2	79	100	0.931
Short stature	74	61.7	52	65.8	0.552
Hypocalcemia	85	70.8	52	65.8	0.455
Depression	0	0	2	2.5	0.08
Skin lesion	20	16.7	11	13.9	0.764

Table 2 Type of anemia in typical and atypical celiac disease

	Microcytic hypochromic		Normocytic normochromic		Macrocytic hypochromic		P value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	0.931
Typical	111	93.3	7	5.9	1	0.8
Atypical	74	93.7	4	5.1	1	1.3

Table 3 Serological finding in both the typical and atypical groups

	Typical, n = 120		Atypical, n = 79		P value
	n	%	n	%
Total IgA deficient	22	18.3	8	10.1	0.074
Anti-tTG IgA-positive	58	48.3	48	60.8	0.086
Anti-tTG IgA-negative	40	33.3	23	29.1	0.315

Ig: Immunoglobulin; Anti-tTG: Anti-tissue transglutaminase.

Table 4 Histological findings in the typical and atypical celiac disease group

Marsh-Oberhuber classification	Typical, n = 120		Atypical, n = 79		P value
	n	%	n	%
0	6	5	2	2.5	0.386
1	8	6.7	10	12.7	0.149
2	0	0	0	0
3a	24	20	29	36.7	0.009
3b	31	25.8	25	31.6	0.372
3c	47	39.2	10	12.7	< 0.001
3b-c	4	3.3	3	3.8	0.862

Table 5 Histological findings in the seropositive (normal IgA level+ positive anti-tTG IgA) and seronegative (normal IgA level + negative anti-tTG IgA) celiac disease

Marsh-Oberhuber grade	CD seronegative, n = 63		CD seropositive, n = 106		P value
	n	%	n	%	0.007
0	0	0	7	6.6
1	8	12.7	8	7.5
2	0	0	0	0
3a	21	33.3	20	18.9
3b	23	36.5	29	27.4
3c	10	15.9	36	34
3b-c	1	1.6	6	5.7

CD: Celiac disease.

Table 6 Histological findings in the seronegative typical and atypical celiac disease group

Marsh-Oberhuber classification	Typical, n = 40		Atypical, n = 23		P value
	n	%	N	%	0.315
0	0	0	0	0
1	4	10	4	17.4
2	0	0	0	0
3a	13	32.5	8	34.8
3b	13	32.5	10	43.5
3c	9	22.5	1	4.3
3b-c	1	2.5	0	0

Table 7 Histological findings in the seropositive (106 patients) typical and atypical celiac disease group

Marsh-Oberhuber classification	Typical, n = 58		Atypical, n = 48		P value
	n	%	n	%	0.022
0	5	8.6	2	4.2
1	3	5.2	5	10.4
2	0	0	0	0
3a	6	10.3	14	29.2
3b	14	24.1	15	31.3
3c	27	46.6	9	18.8
3b-c	3	5.2	3	6.3