Chilaiditi syndrome in pediatric patients - Symptomatic hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of colon: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Case series of Chilaiditi syndrome in the pediatric population

Ref.	Sex	Age	Predisposition	Bowel segment	Symptoms	Type of interposition	Dx procedure	Treatment	Type of surgery	Outcome
[24]	M	16 mo	Aerophagia	Colon	Abdominal distention and pain, vomiting	Complete	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[24]	F	3 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Abdominal distention and pain, passed flatus	Complete	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[24]	F	5 yr	Aerophagia, constipation	Colon	Abdominal pain, constipation	Partial	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[24]	F	4 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Anorexia, recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting	Complete	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[27]	F	2 yr	---	Colon	Marasmus, vomiting, lethargy, inability to walk	Complete	KUB	Surgery (Volvulus)	Laparoscopic colopexy and transverse colectomy	Resolution
[26]	M	6 mo	---	Colon	Abdominal pain, vomiting	Partial	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[19]	M	8 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Abdominal pain, distention	Complete	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[7]	M	12 yr	---	Colon	Respiratory distress, pleuritic pain, fever	Complete	CXR, BE	Surgical (Volvulus)	Laparoscopic detorsion	Resolution
[22]	M	17 yr	Mental retardation, constipation, congenital adhesions	Colon	Abdominal distention, vomiting, constipation	Complete	CXR, KUB	Surgical (Volvulus)	Laparoscopic transverse colectomy	Resolution
[28]	F	9 yr	Constipation	Colon	Abdominal pain, nausea, constipation	Complete	CXR, KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[9]	F	11 yr	Constipation	Colon	Abdominal pain, vomiting	Complete	KUB, CT	Surgery	Laparoscopic transverse colectomy	Resolution
[23]	F	9 yr	DE, constipation	Colon	Epigastric pain, constipation, nausea	Complete	CXR, KUB, CT	Conservative	---	Resolution
[23]	M	1 yr	DE	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress	Complete	CXR, KUB, CT	Surgery	Correction of diaphragmatic, eventration and elevation of right hemidiaphragm	Resolution
[23]	F	16 mo	DE	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress	Complete	CXR, KUB, CT	Surgery	Correction of diaphragmatic, eventration and elevation of right hemidiaphragm	Resolution
[25]	M	5 mo	---	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress	Complete	CXR, CT	Conservative	---	Resolution
Present study	M	12 yr	Constipation	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress, abdominal pain, constipation	Complete	CXR, KUB	Surgical	Laparoscopic colopexy	Resolution
[33]	F	2 yr	Constipation	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress, abdominal pain, constipation	Complete	CXR	Conservative	---	Resolution
[10]	M	8 yr	Constipation	Colon	Abdominal pain, constipation	Complete	KUB, CT	Conservative	---	Resolution
[11]	M	10 d	Constipation	Colon	Abdominal distension, respiratory distress, constipation	Complete	KUB	Conservative	---	Resolution
[12]	F	3 yr	Constipation	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress, constipation	Complete	CXR	Conservative	---	---
[13]	M	4 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Respiratory distress	Complete	CXR	Conservative	---	Resolution
[14]	M	6 yr	---	Colon	Abdominal pain, emesis, FTT	Complete	CXR	Surgical	Laparoscopic colopexy	Resolution
[15]	M	10 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress	Complete	CXR, MRI	Conservative	---	Resolution
[15]	M	7 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress, abdominal distention	Complete	CXR, MRI	Conservative	---	Resolution
[8]	M	4 yr	Aerophagia, constipation	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress, abdominal pain, constipation	Complete	CXR, CT	Conservative	---	Resolution
[16]	M	3 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress, abdominal distention	Complete	CXR	Conservative	---	Resolution
[17]	M	20 yr	Duchenne muscular	Colon	Recurrent respiratory distress	Complete	CT	Conservative	---	Resolution
[18]	M	19 yr	Dystrophy, aerophagia, constipation	Colon	Chest pain, respiratory distress, abdominal pain	Complete	CXR	Conservative	---	Resolution
[20]	F	1 yr	Aerophagia	Colon	Respiratory distress	Partial	CXR	Conservative	---	Resolution
[21]	M	10 yr	Constipation, mental retardation	Colon	Respiratory distress, constipation, failure to thrive, abdominal distention	Complete	CXR	---	---	---

BE: Barium Enema; CT: Computerized tomography; CXR: Chest X-Ray; DE: Diaphragmatic eventration; KUB: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-Ray; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.