Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis–associated lung disease: A retrospective cohort study

Figure 1 Clubbing of the fingers in patient 2. The changes of the distal phalanges and the nails are apparent.

Figure 2 Chest computed tomography in patient 2 with lipoid pneumonia. A and B: Representative signs of interstitial changes in all lobes of the lungs with damage to the distal parts of the tracheobronchial tree. There are diffuse changes with the presence of multiple intralobular foci, with thickening of the peribronchovascular interstitium.

Figure 3 Brief summary of the pathogenesis of lung involvement in systemic juvenile arthritis. BMPR2: Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; ILD: Interstitial lung disease; MAS: Macrophage activation syndrome; PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAP: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; sJIA: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.