Smoking and genital human papilloma virus infection in women attending cervical cancer screening in Greece

doi:10.5317/wjog.v2.i3.53

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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2218-6220

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 10, 2013; 2(3): 53-61
Published online Aug 10, 2013. doi: 10.5317/wjog.v2.i3.53

Table 1 Association between smoking and high-risk human papilloma virus status, stratified according to age n (%)

Age (yr)	Smoking	HPV(+)	HPV(-)	Total	P	OR
25-34	Yes	95 (43.2)	125 (56.8)	220	< 0.001	2.3 (1.6-3.4)
	No	63 (24.8)	191 (75.2)	254
	Total	158	316	474
35-44	Yes	21 (12.1)	152 (87.9)	173	NS	1.1 (0.6-2.0)
	No	24 (11.6)	183 (88.4)	207
	Total	45	335	380
45-55	Yes	20 (9.7)	186 (90.3)	206	NS	1.5 (0.8-3.1)
	No	15 (6.5)	216 (93.5)	231
	Total	35	402	437
Total	Yes	136 (22.7)	463 (77.3)	599	< 0.001	1.7 (1.3-2.3)
	No	102 (14.7)	590 (85.3)	692
	Total	238	1053	1291

P-value of χ² test and corresponding OR (95%CI). NS: Not significant; HPV: Human papilloma virus.

Table 2 Association between smoking intensity and high-risk human papilloma virus status stratified according to age n (%)

Age (yr)	Smoking	HPV (+)	HPV (-)	Total	P
25-34	< 50	58 (41.4)	82 (58.6)	140	NS
	50-100	23 (44.2)	29 (55.8)	52
	100-150	10 (50.0)	10 (50.0)	20
	150-200	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)	3
	> 200	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)	5
	Total	95	125	220
35-44	< 50	5 (9.6)	47 (90.4)	52	NS
	50-100	5 (11.6)	38 (88.4)	43
	100-150	6 (11.1)	48 (88.9)	54
	150-200	0 (0.0)	5 (100.0)	5
	> 200	5 (26.3)	14 (73.7)	19
	Total	21	152	173
45-55	< 50	2 (4.3)	44 (95.7)	46	NS
	50-100	2 (6.5)	29 (93.5)	31
	100-150	5 (9.4)	48 (90.6)	53
	150-200	3 (11.5)	23 (88.5)	26
	> 200	8 (16.0)	42 (84.0)	50
	Total	20	186	206
Total	< 50	65 (27.3)	173 (72.7)	238	NS
	50-100	30 (23.8)	96 (76.2)	126
	100-150	21 (16.5)	106 (83.5)	127
	150-200	4 (11.8)	30 (88.2)	34
	> 200	16 (21.6)	58 (78.4)	74
	Total	136	463	599

P-value ofχ²test. NS: Not significant; HPV: Human papilloma virus.

Table 3 Association between smoking and human papilloma virus-16, human papilloma virus-18 status stratified according to age n (%)

Age (yr)	Smoking	HPV-16					HPV-18
		(+)	(-)	Total	P	OR	(+)	(-)	Total	P	OR
25-34	Yes	24 (10.9)	196 (89.1)	220	NS	1.5 (0.8-2.8)	8 (3.6)	212 (96.4)	220	NS	1.3 (0.5-3.7)
	No	19 (7.5)	235 (92.5)	254			7 (2.8)	247 (97.2)	254
	Total	43	431	474			15	459	474
35-44	Yes	4 (2.3)	169 (97.7)	173	NS	0.8 (0.2-2.9)	1 (0.6)	172 (99.4)	173	NS	0.4 (0.1-3.8)
	No	6 (2.9)	201 (97.1)	207			3 (1.4)	204 (98.6)	207
	Total	10	370	380			4	376	380
45-55	Yes	-	206 (100)	206		-	-	206 (100.0)	206
	No	-	231 (100)	231			-	231 (100.0)	231
	Total		437	437			-	437	437
Total	Yes	28 (4.7)	571 (95.3)	599	NS	1.3 (0.8-2.3)	9 (1.5)	590 (98.5)	599	NS	1.0 (0.4-2.6)
	No	25 (3.6)	667 (96.4)	692			10 (1.4)	682 (98.6)	692
	Total	53	1238	1291			19 (1.5)	1272 (98.5)	1291

P-value of χ² test and corresponding OR (95%CI). NS: Not significant; HPV: Human papilloma virus.

Table 4 Association between smoking habits and high-risk human papilloma virus status according to Papanicolaou test results n (%)

Cytology	Smoking	HPV (+)	HPV (-)	Total	P	OR
Pap (+)	Yes	18 (69.2)	8 (30.8)	26	NS	1.6 (0.5-5.6)
	No	11 (57.9)	9 (42.1)	19
	Total	29	16	45
Pap (-)	Yes	118 (20.6)	455 (79.4)	573	0.001	1.7 (1.2-2.2)
	No	91 (13.5)	582 (86.5)	673
	Total	209	1037	1246
Total	Yes	136 (22.7)	463 (77.3)	599	< 0.001	1.7 (1.3-2.3)
	No	102 (14.7)	590 (85.3)	692
	Total	238	1053	1291

P-value of χ² test and corresponding OR (95%CI). Papanicolaou (Pap) test (+) = atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance or worse; Pap test (-) = Normal. NS: Not significant; HPV: Human papilloma virus.

Table 5 Association between smoking intensity and high-risk human papilloma virus status according to Papanicolaou test results n (%)

Cytology	Smoking	HPV (+)	HPV (-)	Total	P
Pap (+)	< 50	8 (66.7)	4 (33.3)	12	0.045
	50-100	4 (80.0)	1 (20.0)	5
	100-150	5 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	5
	150-200	0 (0.0)	3 (100.0)	3
	> 200	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	1
	Total	18	8	26
Pap (-)	< 50	57 (25.2)	169 (74.8)	226	NS
	50-100	26 (21.5)	95 (78.5)	121
	100-150	16 (13.1)	106 (86.9)	122
	150-200	4 (12.9)	27 (87.1)	31
	> 200	15 (20.5)	58 (79.5)	73
	Total	118	455	573
Total	< 50	65 (27.3)	173 (72.7)	238	NS
	50-100	30 (23.8)	96 (76.2)	126
	100-150	21 (16.5)	106 (83.5)	127
	150-200	4 (11.8)	30 (88.2)	34
	> 200	16 (21.6)	58 (78.4)	74
	Total	136	463	599

Table 6 Association between smoking habits and high-risk human papilloma virus status according to Papanicolaou test result and stratified according to age n (%)

Age (yr)	HPV (cytology)	Smoking	HPV (+)	HPV (-)	Total	P	OR
25-34	Pap (+)	Yes	13 (76.5)	4 (23.5)	17	NS
		No	9 (64.3)	5 (35.7)	14
		Total	22	9	31
	Pap (-)	Yes	82 (40.4)	121 (59.6)	203	< 0.001	2.3 (1.5-3.5)
		No	54 (22.5)	186 (77.5)	240
		Total	136	307	443
	Total	Yes	95 (43.2)	125 (56.8)	220	< 0.001	2.3 (1.6-3.4)
		No	63 (24.8)	191 (75.2)	254
		Total	158 (33.3)	316 (66.7	474
35-44	Pap (+)	Yes	3 (75.0)	1 (25.0)	4	NS
		No	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	1
		Total	4	1	5
	Pap (-)	Yes	18 (10.7)	151 (89.3)	169	NS
		No	23 (11.2)	183 (88.8)	206
		Total	41	334	375
	Total	Yes	21 (12.1)	152 (87.9)	173	NS
		No	24 (11.6)	183 (88.4)	207
		Total	45 (11.8)	335 (88.2)	380
45-55	Pap (+)	Yes	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)	5	NS
		No	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)	4
		Total	3	6	9
	Pap (-)	Yes	18 (9.0)	183 (91.0)	201	NS
		No	14 (6.2)	213 (93.8)	227
		Total	32	396	428
	Total	Yes	20 (9.7)	186 (90.3)	206	NS
		No	15 (6.5)	216 (93.5)	231
		Total	35	402	437
All ages	Pap (+)	Yes	18 (69.2)	8 (30.8)	26	NS
		No	11 (57.9)	8 (42.1)	19
		Total	29	16	45
	Pap (-)	Yes	118 (20.6)	455 (79.4)	573	0.001	1.7 (1.3-2.3)
		No	91 (13.5)	582 (86.5)	673
		Total	209	1037	1246
	Total	Yes	136 (22.7)	463 (77.3)	599	NS
		No	102 (14.7)	590 (85.3)	692
		Total	238	1053	1291

Citation: Chatzistamatiou K, Katsamagas T, Zafrakas M, Zachou K, Orologa A, Fitsiou F, Theodoridis T, Konstantinidis T, Konstantinidis TC, Agorastos T. Smoking and genital human papilloma virus infection in women attending cervical cancer screening in Greece. World J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2(3): 53-61
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-6220/full/v2/i3/53.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5317/wjog.v2.i3.53