Intrauterine growth restriction and genetic determinants - existing findings, problems, and further direction

Figure 1 Effects of disruption of the insulin-like growth factor system on fetal growth in mice, expressed as a percentage of normal body weight[38]. IGF: Insulin-like growth factor.

Figure 2 Real-time polymerase chain reaction for angiotensinogen M235T genotyping with a single labeled fluorescein probe[42]. A: 5’-fluorescein-labeled 23-mer (blocked at the 3’-end with phosphate) homologous to the wild-type sequence, covered the polymorphic site with the fluorescein opposite two genes; B: The probe was included in the PCR amplification mixture with primers. Melting curve data are presented as fluorescein vs temperature; C: Curves for homozygous wild type (peak at 69.4oC), homozygous mutant type (peak at 63.54oC), heterozygous (two peaks at 63.54oC and 69.44oC respectively) and no-template control are shown; D: Placental cross section HE staining from AGT MM, MT, and TT placentas. Quantitative analysis of the placenta indicated that the villus area (red) and capillary area (bright red) in smoking-induced intrauterine growth restriction were significantly decreased.