Protein seeding in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: Similarities and differences

Table 1 Seeding of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease-like pathology in mice

	AD	PD
Misfolded peptide/protein	Aβ peptide	α-syn protein
	τ protein
Pathological deposits	Intracellular (neurofibrillary tangles)	Intracellular (lewy bodies/lewy neurites)
	Extracellular (amyloid plaques)
Exogenous seeding of brain homogenates
Transgenic mouse models	Human AD brain extracts into APP23[98,103,105], P21[102] and HuAPPwt[101]	No reports
	Rodent APP brain extracts into APP23[98,100,103], APP-PS1[98]	Rodent α-syn brain extracts into M83[75,106]
Non-transgenic mice	Human AD brain extracts into Fischer 344 rats-no seeding[102]; into mice-no seeding[97]	Human Dementia with Lewy Bodies brain extracts into C57BL/6 J mice[76]
	Rodent APP brain extracts into C57BL/6 J-no seeding[98]
Exogenous seeding of synthetic peptides/protein
Transgenic mouse models	Aβ40 and AβS26C into APP23[100]	Mouse α-Syn Fibrils into M83[75]
	Aβ40/42 into APP23-no seeding[98]	Human α-Syn Fibrils into M83 and M47[108,109]
Non-transgenic mice	No reports	Mouse α-Syn Fibrils into C57BL/6 J[74,76,107,108]
		Human α-Syn Fibrils into C57BL/6 J[76,107,108]

Aβ: Amyloid-beta; τ: Tau; α-Syn: Alpha-synuclein; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; APP: Amyloid precursor protein; PD: Parkinson’s disease.