Cardiopulmonary changes in patients with sickle cell anemia: A systematic review

Table 1 Comparative table of the studied articles

Ref.	Location	Type of study	n	Main results
Dham et al[15], 2009	Washington	Case control	364	Children with SCA have a mild increase in SCA, which correlates with increased cardiac output and left ventricular filling pressures
Cuervo et al[22], 2002	Cuba	Case control	53	Restrictive ventilatory dysfunction was observed in all patients with sickle cell anemia
Fitzhugh et al[19], 2010	North Carolina	Retrospective transversal	240	This study points out the main causes of death in patients with SCA. Among them are: Pulmonary emboli, stroke and multiple organ failure. In addition, it mentions the main pre-morbid conditions found: Pneumonia, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and arrhythmias
Parent et al[13], 2011	France	Transversal	398	Patients with confirmed pulmonary hypertension were older and had worse functional capacity than other patients
Damy et al[32], 2016	France	Transversal	1.780	TRV ≥ 2.5 m/s and left ventricular dysfunction predict mortality in patients with SCA
Arteta et al[27], 2014	Michigan	Cohort	146	It is common for children with sickle cell anemia to have abnormal lung function, most often of the obstructive type
Lobo et al[18], 2015	Rio de Janeiro	Prospective transversal	125	Patients over 32-years-old have mostly elevated LDH, severe anemia and creatinine clearance > 1, in addition to a poor prognosis, and may be at risk of developing pulmonary hypertension

SCA: Sickle cell anemia; TRV: Tricuspid regurgitation velocity; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.