Red ginseng for atopic dermatitis

Table 1 Reported effects of red ginseng and its constituents on atopic dermatitis in vivo

Materials	Classification	Specification	Ref.
Korean red ginseng extract	In vivo	Alleviated clinical features, prevented the increase in TEWL, lowered IgE level, decreased lymphocyte infiltration, suppressed the protein expression of TSLP and TNF-α, decreased the mRNA expression of TSLP	[13]
Korean red ginseng extract	In vivo	Reduced the total clinical severity score, ear thickness and the level of IgE, decreased TNF-α, IFN-γ and substance P, reduced the infiltration of FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and CD1a+ Langerhans cells	[1]

TEWL: Trans-epidermal water loss; TSLP: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factors; IFN: Interferon.

Table 2 Effects of red ginseng and its constituents in vitro, in vivo and clinically

Materials	Classification	Specification	Ref.
Ginsenoside Rh2	In vivo, in vitro In clinic	Preventing, treating diabetic disorders and improving vascular stiffness	[32,33,49]
Korean red ginseng extract	In clinic In vivo	Enhancing work memory, calming healthy young men and down regulating the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase	[44,45]
Korean red ginseng extract	In vivo	Improving the hyperactivity and treating ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial damage	[42,43]
Ginsenoside Rb3	In vivo	Protecting myocardial injury and heart function impairment	[35]
Ginsenoside Rg3	In vivo	Preventing the progression of renal damage and dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats	[36]
Ginsenoside CK, Rg1	In vitro	Stimulating glucose uptake to treat the hypoglycemic properties	[37,50]
Korean red ginseng extract	In vivo	Treating human ophthalmic disease by improving the optical process	[46]
Ginsenoside Rg3,Rk1,Rg5	In vivo	Having beneficial effects on treating collagen induced arthritis	[48]
Korean red ginseng extract	In vivo	Protecting normal tissue during the radiation therapy and increasing tissue repair	[47]
Korean red ginseng	In vitro	Stimulating βadreno receptor and increasing various rate limiting enzyme activities	[40]
Korean red ginseng	In vivo	Up-regulating adipocytic peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ and inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption	[41]