Cement-related embolism after lumbar vertebroplasty: A case report

Table 1 Summary of case reports on the early detection of cement-related embolism patients during/after lumbar surgery by echocardiography

Ref.	Age/gender	Echocardiography finding/whether pericardial effusion present	Clinical features and occurrence time	Treatment	Outcome
Cohen[13],2012	65 yr/ female	Foreign body in the right ventricle/with little pericardial effusion	Ventricular tachycardia intraoperatively	Progression to right ventricle failure and surgical removal	Uneventful recovery
Tran et al[14], 2013	68 yr/ female	Tamponade	Cardiac shock during coronary angiography after lumbar surgery	Percutaneous catheterization removal	Recovery
Elapavaluru et al[15], 2015	61 yr/ female	Hyper-echo foreign body in the apex of the left ventricle/pericardial effusion not clearly mentioned	Acute hypoxic respiratory failure within 24 h postoperatively	Mitral valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass	Discharged home
Puri[16], 2016	75 yr/ female	Foreign body in right heart/large pericardial effusion	Chest pain, tachycardia, and hypotension the following day	Surgical removal	Discharge with a normal sinus rhythm
Andrä et al[7], 2017	62 yr/ female	Hyper-echo foreign body in the right atrium/8-mm wide pericardial effusion	Severe tachycardia and hypotonia intraoperatively	Surgical removal	Stable cardiorespiratory condition
Adu-Gyamfi et al[17], 2019	86 yr/ female	Cement traversing the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle/without pericardial effusion	Shortness of breath immediately after surgery	Medicine treatment	Discharged home