Role of fast-setting cements in arthroplasty: A comparative analysis of characteristics

Table 1 Testing material

Product	Powder (g)	Liquid (mL)	Batch number	Viscosity
DePuy CMW® 2G	40	20	#3620322	Very high-viscosity
			#3572255	Very high-viscosity
Palacos® fast R + G	51	20	#7743	Very high-viscosity
			FZ52#050214	Very high-viscosity
Reference: Palacos® R + G	40.8	20	#7735	Standard high viscosity
			#7753	Standard high viscosity

Table 2 Test parameters

Parameter	Characteristics	More details	Sample size	Scale of measure - Ratio scale	Descript. + analyt. statistics
Handling properties in vitro	Mixing, doughing and waiting phase	Elapsed time	12	Duration	Median, quartile, boxplot
	Working phase	Elapsed time	12	Duration
	Hardening phase	Elapsed time	12	Duration
Quasistatic mechanical properties	ISO bending strength	In MPa	12	Metric	Median, quartile, boxplot, arithmetic mean, ANOVA, independent two-sample t-test
	ISO flexural modulus	In MPa	12	Metric
	ISO compressive strength	In MPa	20-24	Metric
	Dynstat notched impact strength	In kJ/m2	16	Metric
	Dynstat bending strength	In MPa	16	Metric
Dynamic mechanical properties		In MPa	5	Metric	Chart, bar graph and standard deviation
BPO-content		In %	6	Metric	Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, bar graph
Powder/liquid-ratio		g:mL		Ratio	Bar graph
Elution profile	Gentamicin release per mould body	In µg/FK	3	Metric	Table, S/N-curve

Table 3 ISO mechanical properties of all tested cements

	ISO 5833:2002
	Bending strength (MPa)		Flexural modulus (MPa)		Compressive strength (MPa)
Limit	> 50		> 1800		> 70
DePuy CMW® 2G	75.39	67.3 (-8.09)	3002.75	2775 (-227.75)	91.53	80.94 (-10.59)
		81.8 (+6.41)		3159 (+156.25)		99.11 (+7.58)
Palacos® R + G	65.79	61.7 (-4.09)	2552	2383 (-169)	87.46	81.92 (-5.54)
		68.7 (+2.91)		2659 (+107)		93.13 (+5.67)
Palacos® fast R + G	72.17	69.3 (-2.87)	2995.18	2784 (-211.18)	106.25	100.26 (-5.99)
		76.2 (+4.03)		3118 (+122.82)		110.51 (+4.26)

Table 4 DIN mechanical properties of all tested cements

	DIN 53435
	Bending strength (MPa)		Notched impact strength (kJ/m2)
Limit
DePuy CMW® 2G	73.1	63.88 (-9.22)	2.94	2.01 (-0.93)
		82.81 (+9.71)		3.98 (+1.04)
Palacos® R + G	71.21	65.06 (-7.15)	3.2	2.39 (-0.81)
		79.09 (+7.85)		4.50 (+1.3)
Palacos® fast R + G	76.35	65.91 (-10.44)	3.19	2.39 (-0.8)
		88.3 (+11.95)		3.98 (+0.79)