Is there a weekend effect in hip fracture patients presenting to a United Kingdom teaching hospital?

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, grouped by time of week admitted

Explanatory variable	Classification	Time of week
		Weekday	Weekend
Age, yr mean (SD)	46.4-100.9 (P = 0.779)2	83.1 (8.4)	82.6 (9.3)
Gender	Male	169	65
	Female	412	170
	(Female %) (P = 0.733)1	(70.90%)	(72.30%)
ASA grade median (IQR)	1-5 (P = 0.282)2	3 (1)	3 (1)
AMTS median (IQR)	0-10 (P = 0.924)2	8 (5)	8 (5)
Fracture type	Intertrochanteric	217	92
	Intracapsular - displaced	287	99
	Intracapsular - undisplaced	48	31
	Subtrochanteric	29	13
	(% Intracapsular-displaced) (P = 0.097)1	(49.40%)	(42.10%)
Admitted from	Own home	417	191
	Other	110	44
	(% Own home) (P = 1.00)1	(81.10%)	(81.30%)
Ability to walk outdoors	Wheelchair/bedbound/electric buggy	173	65
	Never goes outdoors
	Two aids	54	20
	One aids	154	60
	No aids	200	90
	(% Wheelchair, etc.) (P = 0.780)1	(29.80%)	(27.70%)
Accompaniment outdoors	Wheelchair/bedbound/electric buggy	88	31
	Never goes outdoors
	Yes	193	86
	No	300	118
	(% Wheelchair, etc.) (P = 0.604)1	(15.10%)	(13.20%)
Season	Spring	133	61
	Summer	183	54
	Autumn	160	73
	Winter	105	47
	(% Winter) (P = 0.108)1	(18.10%)	(20.00%)
Time of week	Weekday	581	0
	Weekend	0	235

¹Fisher’s Exact test;

²Mann-Whitney U test. SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Time-to-surgery and mortality and of patients admitted with hip fracture, grouped and compared by time of week

Outcome variable	Classification	Time of week
		Weekday	Weekend
Time to surgery	< 36 h	334	138
(n = 796)	> 36 h	233	91
	(%< 36 h) P > 0.05	(58.90%)	(60.30%)
30-d mortality	No	548	224
(n = 816)	Yes	33	11
	(%Yes) P > 0.05	(5.70%)	(4.70%)
120-d mortality	No	497	207
(n = 816)	Yes	84	28
	(%Yes) P > 0.05	(14.50%)	(13.50%)

Table 3 Estimated model coefficients for the multivariate logistic regression model - time to surgery

Outcome 1	Time to surgery (< 36 h)	n = 796
Variable	Level	OR	95%CI	P-value
ASA grade	1-5	0.68	0.54, 0.85	0.001
Season	Winter (reference)			0.014
	Spring	1.89	1.21, 2.94	0.005
	Summer	1.7	1.11, 2.61	0.014
	Autumn	1.9	1.23, 2.92	0.004
Time of week	Weekday (reference)
	Weekend	1.01	0.73, 1.39	0.975

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist.

Table 4 Estimated model coefficients for the multivariate logistic regression model - mortality

Outcome 2 30-d mortality		n = 816			Outcome 3 120-d mortality	n = 816
Variable		OR	95%CI	P-value		OR	95%CI	P-value
Gender	Female (reference)				Female (reference)
	Male	2.12	1.09, 4.15	0.028	Male	1.86	1.15, 2.99	0.011
ASA grade	1-5	2.68	1.55, 4.62	< 0.001	1-5	2.03	1.39, 2.95	< 0.001
AMTS	0-10	0.9	0.81, 1.00	0.041	0-10	0.89	0.83, 0.95	0.001
Age (yr)					46-101	1.06	1.03, 1.10	< 0.001
Accompanied	No (reference)			0.033	No (reference)			0.033
outdoors	Yes	4.22	1.32, 13.47	0.015	Yes	1.29	0.70, 2.36	0.423
	Wheelchair/bedbound/electric buggy/does not go out	5.14	1.46, 18.09	0.011	Wheelchair/bedbound/electric buggy/does not go out	2.22	1.12, 4.38	0.022
Time of week	Weekday (reference)				Weekday (reference)
	Weekend	0.93	0.44, 1.94	0.842	weekend	0.82	0.50, 1.34	0.425

AMTS: Abbreviated Mental Test Score; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist.