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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Orthop. Nov 18, 2014; 5(5): 574-584
Published online Nov 18, 2014. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i5.574
Published online Nov 18, 2014. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i5.574
RA bone erosion | An intra-articular discontinuity of the bone surface that is visible in two perpendicular planes |
Synovial fluid | Abnormal hypoechoic or anechoic (relative to subdermal fat, but sometimes may be isoechoic or hyperechoic) intra-articular material that is displaceable and compressible, but does not exhibit a Doppler signal |
Synovial hypertrophy | Abnormal hypoechoic (relative to subdermal fat, but sometimes may be isoechoic or hyperechoic) intra-articular tissue that is nondisplaceable and poorly compressible and which may exhibit a Doppler signal |
Tenosynovitis | Hypoechoic or anechoic thickened tissue with or with- out fluid within the tendon sheath, which is seen in two perpendicular planes and which may exhibit a Doppler signal |
Enthesopathy | Abnormally hypoechoic (loss of normal fibrillar architecture) and/or thickened tendon or ligament at its bony attachment (may occasionally contain hyperechoic foci consistent with calcification), seen in two perpendicular planes that may exhibit a Doppler signal and/or bony changes, including enthesophytes, erosions, or irregularity |
Supine, with flexed knee, foot on the examination bed |
Tibiotalar joint: anterior recess |
Talonavicular joint |
Subtalar joint: lateral and medial recess |
Tendon compartments |
Anterior: Tibialis anterior tendon |
Extensor hallucis longus tendon |
Extensor digitorum longus tendon |
Lateral: Peroneus brevis tendon |
Peroneus longus tendon |
Medial (frog position): |
Tibialis posterior tendon |
Flexor digitorum longus tendon |
Flexor hallucis longus tendon |
Prone, with the foot hanging over the examination bed |
Achilles tendon |
Superficial and retrocalcaneal bursae |
Subtalar joint: posterior recess |
Early RA | Established RA | Overall | |
Number of ankles | 62 | 38 | 100 |
Joint synovitis | |||
Talocrural joint synovitis | 32.2% | 39.5% | 35.0% |
Subtalar joint synovitis | 30.7% | 36.8% | 33.0% |
Talonavicular joint synovitis | 27.4% | 26.3% | 27.0% |
Overall | 48.4% | 68.4% | 56.0% |
Tenosynovitis | |||
Ankle flexors (TP, FDL, FHL) | 54.8% | 31.6% | 46.0% |
Peroneal tendons (PB, PL) | 33.9% | 21.1% | 29.0% |
Ankle extensors (TA, EHL, EDL) | 12.9% | 5.3% | 10.0% |
Overall | 69.4% | 47.4% | 61.0% |
Achilles tendon involvement | |||
Retrocalcaneal bursitis | 35.5% | 13.2% | 27.0% |
AT enthesitis | 19.4% | 26.3% | 22.0% |
AT tendonitis | 12.9% | 13.2% | 13.0% |
AT paratenonitis | 8.1% | 2.6% | 6.0% |
Overall | 38.7% | 39.5% | 39.0% |
- Citation: Suzuki T. Power Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the ankle in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. World J Orthop 2014; 5(5): 574-584
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v5/i5/574.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v5.i5.574