Assessment of scapulohumeral rhythm for scapular plane shoulder elevation using a modified digital inclinometer

doi:10.5312/wjo.v3.i6.87

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Jun 18, 2012 (publication date) through Dec 22, 2024

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Orthop. Jun 18, 2012; 3(6): 87-94
Published online Jun 18, 2012. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v3.i6.87

Table 1 Humeral elevation increments, mean scapular upward rotation measures, and scapulohumeral rhythm ratios

Shoulder elevation increments	Mean scapular upward rotation (± SD)	Scapulohumeral rhythm
0^o-120^o	35.95 (6.50)	2.34:1
0^o-30^o	0.73 (4.91)	40.05:1
30^o-60^o	10.99 (7.18)	1.73:1
60^o-90^o	8.45 (6.17)	2.55:1
90^o-120^o	15.78 (7.01)	0.90:1
0^o-30^o	0.73 (4.91)	40.05:1
30^o-45^o	5.69 (2.33)	1.64:1
45^o-60^o	5.29 (6.15)	1.83:1
60^o-75^o	3.15 (3.67)	3.76:1
75^o-90^o	5.29 (5.83)	1.83:1
90^o-120^o	15.78 (7.01)	0.09:1

For each shoulder elevation increment mean ± SD were calculated for scapular upward rotation. Scapular rotation was subtracted from each 15, 30, or 120 degree increment to determine glenohumeral contribution to shoulder elevation. Using the glenohumeral and scapular rotation values, scapulohumeral rhythm (glenohumeral:scapular) was calculated for each increment. SD represents standard deviation.

Table 2 Dominant shoulder range of motion and normalized strength

	Active range ofmotion (± SD)	Passive range of motion (± SD)	Normalized strength (%) (± SD)
Flexion	175.86^o (7.04^o)	179.86^o (0.53^o)	19.29 (4.80)
Abduction	179.07^o (1.86^o)	180.00^o (0.00^o)	18.53 (3.90)
Internal rotation	52.43^o (12.11^o)	60.21^o (13.72^o)	17.25 (4.43)
External rotation	107.79^o (7.78^o)	129.14^o (11.95^o)	12.54 (3.37)

Table 3 Multiple comparisons analyzing scapular upward rotation per 30 degree increments of shoulder elevation

Increment₁	Increment₂	Mean difference	Significance	95% confidence interval
0^o-30^o	30^o-60^{o 1}	-10.26	0.001	-17.14; -3.37 -14.60; -0.83 -21.94; -8.17
	60^o-90^{o 1}	-7.72	0.02
	90^o-120^{o 1}	-15.05	≤ 0.001
30^o-60^o	0^o-30^{o 1}	10.26	0.001	3.37; 17.14
	60^o-90^o	2.54	1	-4.35; 9.42
	90^o-120^o	-4.8	0.367	-11.68; 2.09
60^o-90^o	0^o-30^{o 1}	7.72	0.02	0.83; 14.60
	30^o-60^o	-2.53	1	-9.42; 4.35
	90^o-120^{o 1}	-7.33	0.031	-14.22; -0.45
90^o-120^o	0^o-30^{o 1}	15.05	≤ 0.001	8.17; 21.94
	30^o-60^o	4.8	0.367	-2.09; 11.68
	60^o-90^{o 1}	7.33	0.031	0.45; 14.22

One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between 30 degree shoulder elevation increments for scapular rotation [F_(3,48)= 12.63, P≤ 0.0001]. Boneferoni t-tests revealed statistically significant differences. ¹for scapular rotation between 30 degree elevation increments.

Citation: Scibek JS, Carcia CR. Assessment of scapulohumeral rhythm for scapular plane shoulder elevation using a modified digital inclinometer. World J Orthop 2012; 3(6): 87-94
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v3/i6/87.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v3.i6.87