Applications of finite element simulation in orthopedic and trauma surgery

Table 1 Mechanical properties of the healthy femur model

Material	Young modulus (MPa)	Poisson ratio	Maximum compression stress (MPa)	Maximum tension stress (MPa)
Cortical bone	20 000	0.3	150	90
Cancellous bone	959	0.12	23
Bone marrow	1	0.3

Table 2 Bone mineral density, apparent density and Young´s modulus for a patient “type”

Gruen area	BMD hologic (mg/cm2)	Apparent volumetric density (gr/cm3)	Young´s modulus (MPa)
1	554	1306	6400
2	773	1472	9167
3	1009	1620	12 229
4	1123	1684	13 726
5	1080	1660	13 161
6	920	1567	11 064
7	842	1518	10 063

BMD: Bone mineral density.