Outcomes of early versus late irrigation and debridement of pediatric open long bone fractures

Table 1 Showing patient demographics before matching, n (%)

	Irrigation and debridement within 8 hours	Irrigation and debridement after 8 hours	P value
Age (years): Median (Q1, Q3)	14 (10, 16)	15 (12, 16)	0.063
Race
American indian	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	1
Asian	4 (1.9)	1 (0.5)	0.377
Black	27 (13)	40 (21.9)	0.03
Pacific islander	2 (1)	0 (0)	0.501
White	151 (72.9)	121 (66.1)	0.176
Other	19 (9.2)	19 (10.4)	0.819
Sex
Female	64 (30.9)	55 (30.1)	0.941
Male	143 (69.1)	128 (69.9)
Injury severity score	10	9	0.224
Glasgow coma scale	15	15	0.732
Mechanism of Injury
Fall	35 (16.9)	41 (22.4)	0.503
Machinery	1 (0.5)	1 (0.5)
MVT occupant	42 (20.3)	35 (19.1)
MVT motorcyclist	8 (3.9)	7 (3.8)
MVT pedal cyclist	4 (1.9)	5 (2.7)
MVT pedestrian	35 (16.9)	41 (22.4)
MVT other	9 (4.3)	6 (3.3)
Pedal cyclist, other	5 (2.4)	3 (1.6)
Pedestrian, other	4 (1.9)	3 (1.6)
Transport, other	41 (19.8)	20 (10.9)
Natural/ environment, other	0 (0)	1 (0.5)
Overexertion	4 (1.9)	7 (3.8)
Struck by, against	16 (7.7)	11 (6)
Other specified and classifiable	3 (1.4)	2 (1.1)
Antibiotic therapy (hours)	0.3 (0-0.86)	0.2 (0-0.88)	0.278
Comorbidities
Congenital abnormalities	1 (0.5)	3 (1.6)	0.345
Mental health disorder	4 (1.9)	4 (2.2)	1
Substance abuse	2 (1)	1 (0.5)	1
Bleeding	0 (0)	1 (0.5)	0.469
Abbreviated injury score of 3-5
Brain	7 (3.4)	9 (4.9)	0.612
Spine	4 (1.9)	0 (0)	0.126
Chest	12 (5.8)	12 (6.6)	0.92
Abdomen	8 (3.9)	4 (2.2)	0.506
Upper extremity	0 (0)	1 (0.5)	0.469
Lower extremity	193 (93.2)	156 (85.2)	0.016

MVT: Motor vehicle transport.

Table 2 Showing patient demographics after matching, n (%)

	Irrigation and debridement within 8 hours	Irrigation and debridement after 8 hours	P value
Age (years): Median (Q1, Q3)	14 (11, 16)	15 (12, 16)	0.063
Race
American Indian	1 (0.6)	0 (0)
Asian	4 (2.3)	1 (0.6)	0.371
Black	26 (14.8)	37 (21)	0.153
Pacific islander	2 (1.1)	0 (0)
White	121 (68.8)	120 (68.2)	1
Other	19 (10.8)	16 (9.1)	0.71
Sex
Female	54 (30.7)	54 (30.7)	1
Male	122 (69.3)	122 (69.3)
Injury severity score	9.5	9	0.748
Glasgow coma scale	15	15	1
Mechanism of injury
Fall	33 (18.8)	40 (22.7)
Machinery	0 (0)	0 (0)
MVT occupant	35 (19.9)	33 (18.8)
MVT motorcyclist	8 (4.5)	7 (4)
MVT pedal cyclist	4 (2.3)	5 (2.8)
MVT pedestrian	29 (16.5)	40 (22.7)
MVT other	8 (4.5)	6 (3.4)
Pedal cyclist, other	3 (1.7)	3 (1.7)
Pedestrian, other	2 (1.1)	3 (1.7)
Transport, other	33 (18.8)	20 (11.4)
Natural/ environment, other	0 (0)	1 (0.6)
Overexertion	4 (2.3)	5 (2.8)
Struck by, against	15 (8.5)	11 (6.2)
Other specified and classifiable	2 (1.1)	2 (1.1)
Antibiotic therapy (hours)	0.3 (0-0.87)	0.2 (0-0.88)	0.428
Comorbidities
Congenital abnormalities	0 (0)	3 (1.7)
Mental health disorder	3 (1.7)	3 (1.7)	1
Substance abuse	1 (0.6)	1 (0.6)	1
Bleeding	0 (0)	1 (0.6)
Abbreviated injury score of 3-5
Brain	4 (2.3)	8 (4.5)	0.386
Spine	2 (1.1)	0 (0)
Chest	7 (4)	11 (6.2)	0.48
Abdomen	4 (2.3)	4 (2.3)	1
Upper extremity	0 (0)	1 (0.6)
Lower extremity	164 (93.2)	152 (86.4)	0.067

MVT: Motor vehicle transport.

Table 3 Showing patient outcomes after matching, n (%)

	Irrigation and debridement within 8 hours	Irrigation and debridement after 8 hours	P value	Odds ratio	Absolute risk difference
Deep surgical site Infection	1 (0.6)	2 (1.1)	1	0.5 (0.268- 30.909)	-0.006 (-0.031 to 0.019)
Length of stay in hospital (days)	3.5 (3,4)	3 (3,4)	0.911
Discharge dispositions
Home with care	12 (6.8)	10 (5.7)	0.534
Home without care	145 (82.4)	152 (86.4)
Rehabilitation	12 (6.8)	11 (6.2)
Short-term through long-term care facility	5 (2.8)	1 (0.6)
Skilled nursing facility	1 (0.6)	2 (1.1)
Other	1 (0.6)	0 (0)