Gut microbiome and orthopaedic health: Bridging the divide between digestion and bone integrity

Table 1 Role of gut microbiome in various orthopaedic conditions

Ref.	Orthopedic condition	Key findings on microbiome composition	Significance
Scher et al[36], 2013	Rheumatic arthritis	Increased abundance of prevotella copri	Influence in triggering autoimmunity
Manasson et al[58], 2018	Spondyloarthritis	Enrichment of the family Lachnospiraceae and associated genera such as Blautia, Coprococcus, Roseburia, along with the genus Collinsella	Dysbiosis as one of the reasons for pathogenesis of the disease
Collins et al[4], 2017	Post menopausal osteoporosis	Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Escherichia, and Bifidobacterium	Improvement in condition by supplementation
Ramires et al[59], 2022	Osteoarthritis	Lower proportion of Bacteroidetes and higher Firmicutes bacterial populations	Correlation between microbiome and bone mass
Le et al[60], 2023	Osteosarcoma	Family Lachnospiraceae had the second strongest negative net average change and Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio alteration	Interplay between the gut microbiome and osteosarcoma

This table summarizes the existing studies investigating the gut microbiome composition in patients with different orthopaedic conditions and their association. Each entry provides a concise overview of the orthopaedic condition focus, key microbiome findings, and the main conclusion drawn by the author.