Impacts of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid on inflammatory indicators and antioxidant defense in experimental ankle osteoarthritis

doi:10.5312/wjo.v15.i11.1056

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Nov 18, 2024 (publication date) through Nov 15, 2024

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Orthop. Nov 18, 2024; 15(11): 1056-1074
Published online Nov 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i11.1056

Table 1 Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and/ or hyaluronic acid treatments on right hind leg circumference at paw region (cm) of osteoarthritic rats

Period/group	Zero day	%	3^rd day	%	2^nd week	%	3^rd week	%	4^th week	%	5^th week	%	6^th week	%
Normal	1.50 ± 0.03^a	-	1.53 ± 0.03^b	-	1.68 ± 0.05^b	-	1.68 ± 0.05^b	-	1.71 ± 0.05^d	-	1.70 ± 0.04^d	-	1.80 ± 0.04^c	-
Osteoarthritic control	1.58 ± 0.05^a	5	2.98 ± 0.05^a	95	2.82 ± 0.05^a	68	2.77 ± 0.054^a	65	2.80 ± 0.03^a	64	2.74 ± 0.03^a	61	2.70 ± 0.03^a	50
Osteoarthritic + BMMSCs	1.67 ± 0.06^a	6	2.89 ± 0.06^a	-3	2.79 ± 0.04^a	-1	2.69 ± 0.035^a	-3	2.67 ± 0.04^c	-5	2.28 ± 0.04^b	-6	2.23 ± 0.07^b	-17
Osteoarthritic + HA	1.64 ± 0.06^a	4	2.92 ± 0.04^a	-2	2.90 ± 0.06^a	3	2.74 ± 0.06^a	-1	2.55 ± 0.04^b	-9	2.45 ± 0.05^c	-11	2.10 ± 0.04^b	-22
Osteoarthritic + BMMSCs + HA	1.63 ± 0.06^a	3	2.91 ± 0.04^a	-2	2.89 ± 0.05^a	2	2.76 ± 0.052^a	0	2.600 ± 0.05^b^,^c	-7	2.50 ± 0.03^b^,^c	-9	2.25 ± 0.05^b	-17

^aP < 0.05, in the same column, values with b, c, and d are significantly different;

^bP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, c, and d are significantly different;

^cP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, and d are significantly different;

^dP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, and c are significantly different.

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the mean (n = 6). Percentage changes were calculated by comparing osteoarthritic control with normal and osteoarthritic-treated groups with osteoarthritic control. BMMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; HA: Hyaluronic acid.

Table 2 Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and/ or hyaluronic acid treatments on clinical score of arthritis in osteoarthritic rats

Period croup	0 day	3^rd day	%	2^nd week	%	3^rd week	%	4^th week	%	5^th week	%	6^th week	%
Normal	0	0.20 ± 0.08^b	-	0.20 ± 0.08^b	-	0.20 ± 0.01^b	-	0.10 ± 0.07^c	-	0.10 ± 0.07^c	-	0.10 ± 0.05^c	-
Osteoarthritic control	0	3.80 ± 0.13^a	1800	2.80 ± 0.20^a	1300	2.60 ± 0.16^a	1200	3.20 ± 0.25^a	2400	2.60 ± 0.22^a	2300	2.10 ± 0.21^a	2000
Osteoarthritic + BMMSCs	0	3.60 ± 0.18^a	-5	2.70 ± 0.21^a	-4	2.40 ± 0.16^a	-8	2.30 ± 0.25^a	4	2.10 ± 0.23^b	-13	0.70 ± 0.19^b	-67
Osteoarthritic + HA	0	3.70 ± 0.15^a	-3	2.80 ± 0.20^a	0	2.50 ± 0.16^a	-8	2.12 ± 0.13^b	-16	1.70 ± 0.21^b	-29	0.55 ± 0.14^b	-74
Osteoarthritic + BMMSCs + HA	0	3.70 ± 0.15^a	-3	2.70 ± 0.21^a	-4	2.40 ± 0.16^a	-8	2.50 ± 0.21^a	0	2.00 ± 0.21^b	-17	0.70 ± 0.19^b	-67

^aP < 0.05, in the same column, values with b, c, and d are significantly different;

^bP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, c, and d are significantly different;

^cP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, and d are significantly different;

^dP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, and c are significantly different.

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard of the mean (SEM) of the mean (n = 6). Percentage changes were calculated by comparing osteoarthritic control with normal and osteoarthritic-treated groups with osteoarthritic control. BMMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; HA: Hyaluronic acid.

Table 3 Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and/ or hyaluronic acid treatments on serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-17 (pro-inflammatory cytokines) and interleukin-4 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) levels in osteoarthritic rat

Parameters groups	TNF-α (pg/mL)	% change	IL-17 (pg/mL)	% change	IL-4 (pg/mL)	% change
Normal	16.55 ± 0.95^d	-	35.47 ± 1.41^e	-	117.63 ± 1.06^a	-
Osteoarthritic control	82.65 ± 3.64^a	399	129.52 ± 1.45^a	265	48.77 ± 1.07^c	-59
Osteoarthritic + BMMSC	30.38 ± 3.19^c	-63	60.70 ± 2.05^d	-53	96.40 ± 0.46^b	98
Osteoarthritic + HA	28.97 ± 1.52^c	-65	70.43 ± 2.51^c	-46	97.40 ± 1.57^b	100
Osteoarthritic + BMMS + HA	43.58 ± 4.04^b	-47	76.04 ± 0.77^b	-41	96.27 ± 4.01^b	97

^aP < 0.05, in the same column, values with b, c, d and e are significantly different;

^bP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, c, d and e are significantly different;

^cP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, d and e are significantly different;

^dP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, c and e are significantly different;

^eP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, c and d are significantly different.

Citation: Hagag UI, Halfaya FM, Al-Muzafar HM, Al-Jameel SS, Amin KA, Abou El-Kheir W, Mahdi EA, Hassan GANR, Ahmed OM. Impacts of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid on inflammatory indicators and antioxidant defense in experimental ankle osteoarthritis. World J Orthop 2024; 15(11): 1056-1074
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v15/i11/1056.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i11.1056