Does orthotics use improve comfort, speed, and injury rate during running? A randomised control trial

Table 1 Basic demographic information for participants included in analysis, n (%)

	Intervention (orthotic) group	Control (no orthotic) group	Both groups
Sex
Male	23 (48.94)	29 (61.70)	52 (55.32)
Female	24 (51.06)	18 (38.30)	42 (44.68)
Age (yr)
< 20	1 (2.1)	1 (2.13)	1 (1.06)
20-29	9 (19.1)	9 (19.15)	16 (17.02)
30-39	10 (21.3)	15 (31.91)	26 (27.66)
40-49	16 (34.0)	13 (27.66)	30 (39.91)
50-59	8 (17.0)	7 (14.89)	16 (17.02)
60-69	3 (6.4)	2 (4.26)	5 (5.32)
Mean age	40.79	38.49	38.97
Total	47	47	94

Table 2 Findings and multi-level analysis of comfort and speed data for both groups

Outcome measure	Regression coefficient (95%CI)	P value
Comfort	1.27 (0.69 - 1.84)	< 0.001
Speed	0.30 (-0.16 - 0.75)	0.20

Table 3 Findings and statistical analysis of injury data for both groups

Outcome measure	Participants experiencing outcome in intervention (orthotic) group	Participants experiencing outcome in control (no orthotic) group	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
Injury	5	10	2.27 (0.71 - 7.25)	0.26

Table 4 Frequency of injuries lasting > 7 d for both groups classified by injury site

Injury site	Injury frequency
	Intervention (orthotic) group	Control (no orthotic) group	Both groups
Upper leg	0	6	6
Knee	1	3	4
Lower leg	1	1	2
Ankle	3	1	4
Foot	1	0	1
All sites	6	11	17

Table 5 Findings from multivariate analysis of comfort data

Outcome measure = comfort
Variable	Regression Coefficient (95%CI)	P value
Group (Intervention vs control)	1.22 (0.67 - 1.78)	< 0.001
Gender	0.55 (0.03 - 1.07)	0.039
Age	0.04 (0.01 - 0.06)	0.003