Rural implementation of the perioperative surgical home: A case-control study

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between Control-1 perioperative surgical home and perioperative surgical home cohorts

Characteristics	C1-PSH (n = 1413)	PSH (n = 791)	P value
	mean (SD) [min, max] or n (%)	mean (SD) [min, max] or n (%)
Age	67.3 (10) [18, 95]	69.2 (8.6) [31, 90]	< 0.011
Gender			0.192
Male	629 (45)	379 (47.5)
BMI	29.7 (6.2) [17.3, 68.5]	29 (6.09) [14.67, 55.3]	0.861
ASA			0.0093
Class 1	67 (4.7)	20 (2.5)
Class 2	817 (57.8)	434 (54.9)
Class 3	517 (36.6)	332 (42)
Class 4	12 (0.8)	5 (0.6)
Procedure			0.082
THA	489 (35)	311 (39.3)
TKA	686 (49)	356 (45)
TSA	238 (17)	124 (15.7)
Insurance			< 0.012
Private	415 (29)	145 (18)
Public	998 (71)	646 (82)

¹Mann-Whitney test.

²Chi-square test.

³Ficher’s exact test.

C1-PSH: Control-1 perioperative surgical home; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist Score; THA: Total hip arthroplasty; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; TSA: Total shoulder arthroplasty.

Table 2 Surgical outcomes of perioperative surgical home cohort relative to Control-1 perioperative surgical home cohort

Outcomes	Unadjusted odds ratio (95%CI)	Unadjusted, P value	Adjusted risk (95%CI)	Adjusted, P value
Length of stay	-	-	0.90 (0.88, 0.91)1	< 0.01
Discharge disposition	0.20 (0.13, 0.30)	< 0.01	0.09 (0.05, 0.14)2	< 0.01
Readmission	0.76 (0.51, 1.12)	0.17	0.72 (0.47, 1.09)3	0.11

¹Poisson regression adjusted with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), procedure type, and insurance type.

²Binomial logistic regression adjusted with LOS, age, gender, BMI, ASA, procedure type, and insurance type.

³Binomial logistic regression adjusted with LOS, discharge disposition, age, gender, BMI, ASA, procedure type, and insurance type.

Table 3 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the Control-2 perioperative surgical home and perioperative surgical home cohorts

Characteristics	C2-PSH (n = 892)	PSH (n = 791)	P value
	mean (SD) [min, max] or n (%)	mean (SD) [min, max] or n (%)
Age	69 (8.5) [37, 98]	69.2 (8.6) [31, 90]	0.21
Gender			0.522
Male	439 (49.2)	376 (47.5)
BMI	30 (6.2) [17, 57.8]	30 (6.1) [14.67, 55.3]	0.761
ASA			0.0463
Class 1	24 (2.7)	16 (3.4)
Class 2	546 (61.2)	434 (54.9)
Class 3	319 (35.8)	332 (42)
Class 4	3 (0.3)	5 (0.6)
Procedure			< 0.012
THA	294 (33)	311 (39.3)
TKA	355 (39.8)	356 (45)
TSA	243 (27.2)	124 (15.7)
Insurance			0.42
Private	179 (20)	145 (18)
Public	713 (80)	646 (82)

¹Mann-Whitney test.

²Chi-square test.

³Ficher’s exact test.

C2-PSH: Control-2 perioperative surgical home; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist Score; THA: Total hip arthroplasty; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; TSA: Total shoulder arthroplasty.

Table 4 Surgical outcomes of perioperative surgical home cohort relative to Control-2 non-perioperative surgical home cohort

Outcomes	Unadjusted odds ratio (95%CI)	Unadjusted, P value	Adjusted risk (95%CI)	Adjusted, P value
Length of stay	-	-	0.91 (0.90, 0.94)1	< 0.01
Discharge disposition	0.51 (0.32, 0.80)	< 0.01	0.38 (0.17, 0.77)2	< 0.01
Readmission	0.48 (0.22, 0.99)	0.04	0.43 (0.21, 0.93)3	0.03

¹Poisson regression adjusted with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), procedure type, and insurance type.

²Binomial logistic regression adjusted with LOS, age, gender, BMI, ASA, procedure type, and insurance type.

³Binomial logistic regression adjusted with LOS, discharge disposition, age, gender, BMI, ASA, procedure type, and insurance type.