Comparing shoulder maneuvers to magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic findings in patients with supraspinatus tears

Table 1 Demographic data of the patients studied, median and standard deviation are shown

Patient variables (n = 213)	Statistic n (%)
Median age (yr)	47.4; SD = 13.2; range 19 to 76
Symptoms duration (mo)	21.2; range 1 to 144
Gender
Male	123 (57.7)
Female	90 (42.3)
Laterality
Right	131 (61.5)
Left	82 (38.5)
Dominant arm
Dominant	129 (60.5)
Non-dominant	84 (39.4)
History of previous trauma
Yes	73 (34.3)
No	140 (65.7)

Table 2 Diagnostic values for overall tears

Test	Se	95%CI	Sp	95%CI	Ac	PPV	NPV	LR +	LR -	DOR
Painful arc	0.85	0.79-0.90	0.73	0.60-0.84	0.83	0.91	0.60	3.22	0.20	16.27
Empty can
P	0.80	0.71-0.87	0.82	0.69-0.90	0.81	0.89	0.68	4.35	0.24	17.78
P and W	0.75	0.63-0.84	0.93	0.81-0.98	0.82	0.94	0.70	10.75	0.27	40.00
Full can
P	0.78	0.69-0.85	0.81	0.68-0.90	0.79	0.90	0.63	4.15	0.27	15.26
P and W	0.63	0.50-0.74	0.91	0.78-0.96	0.74	0.91	0.63	6.76	0.41	16.53
Resisted external rotation
P	0.48	0.39-0.57	0.84	0.71-0.92	0.59	0.87	0.43	3.01	0.62	4.87
P and W	0.40	0.31-0.50	0.95	0.85-0.99	0.58	0.95	0.43	8.89	0.62	14.25
Drop arm	0.19	0.13-0.25	0.98	0.89-1.00	0.37	0.97	0.26	9.21	0.83	11.10
Neer’s sign	0.78	0.71-0.84	0.82	0.69-0.90	0.79	0.93	0.53	4.26	0.27	15.92
Hawkins’	0.80	0.73-0.85	0.65	0.51-0.77	0.77	0.88	0.49	2.30	0.31	7.53
MRI	0.97	0.93-0.99	0.96	0.86-0.99	0.97	0.99	0.90	23.76	0.03	752

Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; Ac: Accuracy; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; LR +: Positive likelihood ratio; LR -: Negative likelihood ratio; DOR: Diagnostic odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: Positive for pain; W: Positive for weakness; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 3 Diagnostic values for partial tears

Test	Se	95%CI	Sp	95%CI	Ac	PPV	NPV	LR +	LR -	DOR
Painful arc	0.78	0.66-0.86	0.75	0.61-0.85	0.76	0.81	0.70	3.10	0.30	10.40
Empty can
P	0.74	0.61-0.84	0.82	0.69-0.90	0.78	0.81	0.75	4.06	0.31	12.99
P and W	0.70	0.55-0.81	0.93	0.81-0.98	0.81	0.91	0.75	10.00	0.32	30.77
Full can
P	0.72	0.59-0.82	0.81	0.68-0.90	0.76	0.82	0.71	3.84	0.34	11.10
P and W	0.57	0.41-0.71	0.91	0.79-0.96	0.75	0.84	0.71	6.12	0.48	12.80
Resisted external rotation
P	0.43	0.32-0.55	0.84	0.71-0.92	0.61	0.78	0.52	2.70	0.67	4.01
P and W	0.25	0.15-0.39	0.95	0.85-0.99	0.58	0.87	0.52	5.61	0.78	7.18
Drop arm	0.09	0.04-0.18	0.98	0.89-1.00	0.46	0.86	0.43	4.30	0.93	4.62
Neer’s sign	0.72	0.60-0.81	0.83	0.70-0.91	0.76	0.86	0.68	4.30	0.34	12.63
Hawkins’	0.73	0.61-0.82	0.67	0.52-0.78	0.70	0.75	0.64	2.19	0.40	5.44
MRI	0.91	0.81-0.96	0.98	0.89-1.00	0.94	0.98	0.88	42.59	0.09	444.67

Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; Ac: Accuracy; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; LR +: Positive likelihood ratio; LR -: Negative likelihood ratio; DOR: Diagnostic odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: Positive for pain; W: Positive for weakness; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 4 Diagnostic values for full-thickness tears

Test	Se	95%CI	Sp	95%CI	Ac	PPV	NPV	LR +	LR -	DOR
Painful arc	0.91	0.84-0.95	0.75	0.61-0.85	0.86	0.91	0.75	3.64	0.12	30.00
Empty can
P	0.86	0.73-0.94	0.82	0.69-0.90	0.84	0.81	0.87	4.70	0.17	28.15
P and W	0.84	0.65-0.94	0.93	0.81-0.98	0.90	0.87	0.91	12.04	0.17	70
Full can
P	0.85	0.72-0.92	0.81	0.68-0.90	0.83	0.82	0.85	4.54	0.18	24.76
P and W	0.72	0.52-0.86	0.91	0.78-0.96	0.84	0.82	0.85	7.74	0.31	25.07
Resisted external rotation
P	0.56	0.41-0.70	0.84	0.71-0.92	0.71	0.74	0.70	3.51	0.52	6.71
P and W	0.58	0.43-0.72	0.95	0.85-0.99	0.77	0.92	0.70	12.79	0.44	29.17
Drop arm	0.25	0.18-0.35	0.98	0.89-1.00	0.49	0.96	0.39	12.12	0.76	15.88
Neer’s sign	0.83	0.74-0.89	0.83	0.70-0.91	0.83	0.91	0.70	4.97	0.21	24.12
Hawkins’	0.85	0.76-0.91	0.67	0.52-0.78	0.79	0.84	0.68	2.54	0.23	11.20
MRI	0.99	0.95-1.00	0.98	0.89-1.00	0.98	0.99	0.98	46.35	0.01	3266

Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; Ac: Accuracy; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; LR +: Positive likelihood ratio; LR -: Negative likelihood ratio; DOR: Diagnostic odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: Positive for pain; W: Positive for weakness; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.