Decision aids can decrease decisional conflict in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis: Randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients, n (%)

	Without DA	With DA
Sex
Male	30 (46)	33 (50)
Female	35 (54)	33 (50)
Age (yr; mean ± SD)	66 ± 10	68 ± 11
Level of education
Pre-vocational secondary or secondary vocational education	15 (23)	22 (33)
Senior general secondary education	10 (16)	8 (12)
Pre-university education	30 (46)	24 (37)
Higher professional education or university	8 (12)	10 (15)
Unknown	2 (3)	2 (3)
Duration of pain in d (mean ± SD)	47 ± 75	55 ± 76
Marital status
Single	13 (20)	16 (24)
Unmarried	8 (12)	8 (12)
Married	37 (57)	30 (45)
Divorced	2 (3)	1 (2)
Widowed	4 (6)	9 (14)
Unknown	1 (2)	2 (3)
Working status
Working, full time	8 (12)	16 (24)
Working, part time	12 (18)	7 (10)
Sickleave	2 (3)	1 (2)
Retired	36 (55)	34 (51)
Unemployed, able to work	3 (5)	1 (2)
Unemployed, unable to work	3 (5)	3 (5)
Unknown	1 (2)	4 (6)
Location
Left hip	10 (15)	9 (14)
Right hip	24 (37)	15 (23)
Both hips	6 (9)	3 (5)
Left knee	13 (20)	13 (20)
Right knee	9 (14)	18 (26)
Both knees	3 (5)	6 (9)
Unknown	0 (0)	2 (3)
Had non-operative treatment before
Yes	18 (28)	25 (38)
No	47 (72)	39 (59)
Unknown	0 (0)	2 (3)
Hospital
Hospital 1	2 (3)	9 (14)
Hospital 2	23 (35)	21 (32)
Hospital 3	27 (42)	26 (39)
Hospital 4	13 (20)	10 (15)

DA: Decision aid.

Table 2 Outcomes after the first consultation, n (%)

	Without DA	With DA	P value
Decisional conflict scale (mean, SD)
Informed subscore	39 (20)	32 (20)	0.03
Values clarity subscore	50 (22)	25 (16)	0.00
Support subscore	45 (16)	27 (13)	0.00
Uncertainty subscore	35 (15)	23 (16)	0.00
Effective decision subscore	28 (13)	20 (15)	0.00
Total score	39 (11)	25 (12)	0.00
Satisfaction (mean, SD)
Information	7.6 (1.8)	8.6 (1.1)	0.00
Visit outpatient clinic	8.0 (1.7)	8.3 (1.5)	0.30
Physician	8.3 (1.7)	8.9 (0.9)	0.01
Anxiety (mean, SD)	23 (19)	20 (17)	0.29
Knowledge (mean, SD)	3.3 (0.9)	3.7 (0.6)	0.01
Stage of decision making			0.11
Have not begun to think about the treatment options	2 (3)	1 (1.5)
Have not begun to think about the treatment options, but I am interested to do so	6 (9)	0 (0)
I am considering the treatment options now	9 (14)	10 (15)
I am close to selecting an option	1 (2)	3 (4.5)
I have already made a decision, but am still willing to reconsider	10 (15)	15 (23)
I have already made a decision and I am unlikely to change my mind	37 (57)	37 (56)
What treatment option do you prefer?			0.46
Watchful waiting	3 (5)	5 (8)
Lifestyle changes	3 (5)	1 (2)
Physiotherapy	13 (20)	22 (33)
Painkillers	3 (5)	3 (5)
Corticosteroid injection	12 (18)	7 (11)
Prosthesis	27 (41)	26 (38)
Other	4 (6)	2 (3)
Did you make a final choice			0.84
Yes	51 (78)	50 (76)
No	14 (22)	16 (24)
If yes, what did you choose			0.26
Watchful waiting	2 (4)	4 (8)
Lifestyle changes	3 (6)	1 (2)
Physiotherapy	8 (16)	16 (32)
Painkillers	2 (3)	1 (2)
Corticosteroid injection	11 (22)	6 (12)
Prosthesis	25 (49)	21 (42)
Other	0 (0)	1 (2)

DA: Decision aid.