Tibial tuberosity avulsion-fracture associated with complete distal rupture of the patellar tendon: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Different studies carried out since 1982 (23 in total)

No.	Ref.	Year	Country	Gender	Age	Sport	Mechanism of injury	Approach	Screw diameter	Screw number	Kind of screw	Autograft/ allograft	Method of patellar tendon fixation	Protection	Immobilization	Rehabilitation	Range of motion	Consolidation	Use of MRI
1	Mayba[10]	1982	Canada	Male	15	Running	Jump	Anterior	-	1	Cortical	-	Sutures	-	Cast	6 wk	1 yr	-	No
2	Frankl et al[8] (Case 1)	1990	United States	Male	16	Basketball	Jump	Anterior	-	1	Cortical	-	Sutures	-	-	-	6 mo	-	No
3	Frankl et al[8] (Case 2)	1990	United States	Male	12	Gymnast	Hyperflexion	Anterior	-	-	-	-	Kirschner wire + suture	-	-	-	3 mo	-	No
4	Goodier et al[14]	1994	England	Male	18	Soccer	Tripped	Anterior	6.5	1	Cancellous	-	Sutures	-	Cast	6 wk	11 wk	-	No
5	Kaneko et al[11]	2000	Japan	Female	14	Hurdle	Jump	Anterior	-	1	Cancellous	-	Staples	-	Cast	4 wk	3 mo	-	No
6	Sullivan et al[4]	2000	Turkey	Male	14	Wrestling	Extension	Anterior	-	-	-	-	Staples + Anchors de Ethibond	-	Splint	4 wk	6 wk	-	No
7	Seo et al[34]	2005	South Korea	Male	14	Jumping rope	Jump	Anterior	-	1	Cancellous	-	Staples	-	Cast	6 wk	3 mo	-	Yes
8	Uppal et al[21]	2007	United States	Male	-	Running	-	Anterior	-	1	Cancellous	-	Transosseous suture	-	Cast	4 wk	4 mo	-	No
9	Swan et al[9]	2007	United States	Male	15	Basketball	Jump	Anterior	4.0	2	Half threaded	-	Transosseous suture	-	Knee Immobilizer	Postop	6 wk	-	Yes
10	Boyle et al[15]	2011	New Zealand	Male	11	Gymnast	Jump	Anterior	-	-	-	-	Kirschner wire + suture	Tension wire	Cast	12 wk	12 wk	-	Yes
11	Sié et al[28]	2011	Ivory Coast	Male	15	-	Jump	Anterior	-	-	-	-	Staples	-	Cast	6 wk	6 wk	-	No
12	Wu et al[32]	2012	Taiwan, China	Male	18	Basketball	-	Anterior	-	-	-	-	Surgical steel 7.0 + staples + ethibond	-	Splint	-	3 mo	-	No
13	Sharief et al[30]	2015	Kuwait	Male	15	-	Fall	Anterior	4.0	2	Cancellous	-	Sutures	-	Splint	4 wk	2 mo	-	No
14	Tai et al[19]	2015	Hong Kong, China	Male	16	Handball	Jump	Anterior	6.5 y 5.0	3	Cannulated	-	Transosseous suture	Tension wire	Fiberglass	8 wk	5 mo	-	No
15	Gurbuz et al[24]	2016	Turkey	Male	14	Wrestling	Extension	Anterior	-	-	-	-	Staples + Anchors de Ethibond	-	Splint	4 wk	6 wk	-	No
16	Clarke et al[18]	2016	-	Male	16	Football	Tackle	Anterior	4.0	3	Cortical	-	Transosseous suture	Tension wire	-	Postop	5 mo	-	No
17	Yousef et al[12] (Case 1)	2017	United States	Male	13	Basketball	Jump	Anterior	-	1	Half threaded	-	Transosseous suture + spiked washer	-	Cast	3 wk	12 wk	12 wk	No
18	Yousef et al[12] (Case 2)	2017	United states	Male	14	Basketball	Jump	Anterior	-	2	Cannulated	-	Suture anchors	-	Knee Immobilizer	8 wk	20 wk	8 wk	No
19	Yousef et al[12] (Case 3)	2017	United states	Male	14	Running	Fall	Anterior	-	2	Cannulated	-	Transosseous suture	-	Knee Immobilizer	4 wk	12 wk	8 wk	No
20	Agarwalla et al[23]	2018	United States	Male	14	Basketball	Jump	Anterior	3.5	3	Cortical	-	Anchors	-	Hinged Knee Brace	3 wk	5 mo	-	Yes
21	Pereira et al[22]	2018	Brazil	Male	15	Basketball	Jump	Anterior	4.5	2	Cannulated	Semitendinosus	Suture anchors	-	Brace	6 wk	14 wk	14 wk	Yes
22	Behery et al[2]	2018	United States	Female	13	Skateboarding	Hyperflexion	Anterior	3.5	2	Cortical	-	Transosseous suture	-	Knee Immobilizer	1 wk	5 mo	-	Yes
23	Bárcena Tricio et al[3]	2019	Spain	Male	14	Soccer	Jump	Anterior	5.0	2	Half threaded	-	Transosseous suture	-	Cast	-	12 wk	-	No
24	Morales-Avalos et al (Present Report)	2020	Mexico	Male	16	Soccer	Extension	Anterior	3.5	1	Cannulated	-	Suture anchors	-	Knee Immobilizer	12 wk	5 mo	10 wk	Yes

The different epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment and rehabilitation protocols of all the cases reported in the literature to date, based on an exhaustive search of the literature. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.