Improved patient reported outcomes with functional articulating spacers in two-stage revision of the infected hip

Table 1 General patient characteristics

	Functional articulating spacer group	Prefabricated spacer group	P value
Number of patients	15	55
Age (range)	66 (58-76)	68 (33-88)	NS
Gender female	8	25	NS
BMI (range)	27 (20-35)	27 (19-41)	NS
BMI > 30	3	13	NS
Diabetes	4	8	NS
ASA 1/2/3	1/11/3	3/30/22	NS
Post-traumatic (fracture)	6	9	< 0.05
Months follow-up (range)	24 (15-85)	51 (13-129)	< 0.005

NS: Not significant; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists score.

Table 2 Infection characteristics, causative pathogens

	Functional articulating spacer group	Prefabricated spacer group
CoNS	10	18
S. aureus	0	9
S. epidermidis	0	1
Propioni acnes	0	5
E. faecalis	2	2
E. coli	0	1
P. aeruginosa	0	1
H. parainfluenzae	0	1
Corynebacterium	0	2
Aerococcus christensenii	0	1
Group B Streptococcus	1	0
Candida albicans	0	2
Culture negative	0	4
Polymicrobial	2	8

CoNS: Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis; E. faecalis: Enterococcus faecalis; E. coli: Escherichia coli; P. aeruginosa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; H. parainfluenzae: Haemophilus parainfluenzae.

Table 3 Patient reported outcome measure results and comparison of the groups

	Functional articulating spacer group	Prefabricated spacer group	P value
Number of patients	15	55
HOOS total (SD)	88 (6)	67 (14)	< 0.01
HOOS pain (SD), % PASS	92 (6), 54%	75 (14), 8%	< 0.01
HOOS PS (SD), % PASS	85 (6), 15%	67 (14), 3%	< 0.01
HOOS QoL (SD), % PASS	85 (12), 46%	56 (21), 5%	< 0.01
EQ-5D (SD), % PASS	0.90 (0.17), 46%	0.69 (0.30), 5%	< 0.01
EQ-VAS (range), % PASS	85 (65-100), 46%	71 (45-85), 3%	< 0.05

HOOS: Hip osteoarthritis outcome score; PASS: Patient acceptable symptom state; QoL: Quality of life; VAS: Visual analogue scale; SD: Standard deviation.