Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Orthop. Feb 18, 2019; 10(2): 81-89
Published online Feb 18, 2019. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v10.i2.81
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the pre- and post-reform cohorts
Pre-reform (n)(%)Post-reform (n)(%)P-value
Total26407780
Gender
Female155159%441957%0.08
Male108941%336143%
Race
White159260%499764%0.00
Black44017%132017%0.72
Asian984%3234%0.32
Hispanic2088%5948%0.69
Native American20%80%0.70
Other1144%2423%0.00
Unknown/Unreported1867%2964%0.00
Highest Education
Unreported94836%3985%0.00
I did not attend school120%411%0.65
8th grade or less612%2153%0.21
Some high school863%3414%0.01
Graduated from high school or GED38014%152820%0.00
Some college/vocational/technical pgrm2228%103313%0.00
Graduated from college, graduate or post69226%319241%0.00
Other221%1512%0.00
Patient declined to answer1335%6568%0.00
Patient unavailable to answer843%2253%0.47
BMI
Unreported127948%322141%0.00
Underweight/normal (0-18.49)201%421%0.21
Overweight (18.5-24.9)2499%94712%0.00
Obese, Class I (25-29.9)43617%138518%0.13
Obese, Class II (30-34.9)31912%110714%0.06
Obese, Class III (35+)33713%107814%0.16
Insurance Type
Uninsured1998%2043%0.00
Private150757%471561%0.00
Government85432%264634%0.12
Workers' compensation803%2153%0.48
Insurance sub-types
Medicare56321%159320%0.35
Medicaid27110%6949%0.04
CommCare00%2403%0.00
TriCare201%1192%0.00
Private150757%471561%0.00
Workers Comp803%2153%0.48
Uninsured1998%2043%0.00