Chest pain caused by multiple exostoses of the ribs: A case report and a review of literature

Figure 1 Thoracoscopic findings. Exostosis originating from the costochondral junction of the ribs, with the tip adjacent to the pericardium. The thickening of the pericardium and pleura was caused by scratching with the exostosis during respiratory movements and cardiac pulsations.

Figure 2 A chest computed tomography scan showing exostoses originating from the left third, fourth and sixth ribs, with a long bony spicule projecting inwards toward the lung.

Figure 3 Macroscopic aspect of exostosis.