Neurovascular complications due to the Hippocrates method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocations

Figure 1 The most famous Hippocrates method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocations using the operator´s heel in the patient´s axilla for counter-traction. The operator can use his whole body weight to perform traction on the injured arm.

Figure 2 Open magnetic resonance imaging coronar STIR T2 (A and B) and axial TSE T2 (C) sequences representing a large retropectoral hematoma (arrows) compressing the neurovascular bundle (ellipse). Note striking raised position of the humeral head due to massive rotator cuff tears (A and B).

Figure 3 Topographic relations between the axillary neurovascular bundle and the humeral head in normal (A) and anteriorly dislocated (B) position. The humeral head, acting as a fulcrum, and the tight caudal rim of the pectoralis minor muscle can lead to pincer-like forces on the neurovascular bundle during performing the Hippocrates method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocations.