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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. May 18, 2025; 16(5): 106265
Published online May 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i5.106265
Published online May 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i5.106265
Figure 1 Pathological changes in the epiphyseal region after fracture.
IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein.
- Citation: Fan ZQ, Xie YY, Liu C, Chen YF, Yi YF, Tang ZW, Wen J, Xiao S, Li YF. Most vexing problem in pediatric fractures: Epiphyseal fractures. World J Orthop 2025; 16(5): 106265
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v16/i5/106265.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v16.i5.106265