Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. May 18, 2025; 16(5): 106265
Published online May 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i5.106265
Figure 1
Figure 1 Pathological changes in the epiphyseal region after fracture. IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein.