Utilization of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of pes planus and pes cavus with a smartphone camera

Figure 1 An example of an unscaled rectangular box that bounds the entire foot and ankle for images collected for deep learning algorithm training.

Figure 2 Flowchart showing the deep learning inference data processing pathway for the testing (offline) set.

Figure 3 Precision-recall curves. A: Positive class for pes planus; B: Negative class for pes planus; C: Positive class for pes cavus; D: Negative class for pes cavus.

Figure 4 Cluster plot. A: It showing the neural network's output when compared to lateral tarsal-first metatarsal angle, also known as lateral Meary’s angle; B: It showing the neural network's output when compared to calcaneal inclination angle.