Fractures around the shoulder in the skeletally immature: A scoping review

Figure 1 A rare case of a 15-year-old boy with scapular dyskinesia caused by shortening of his clavicle due to a nonunion. A: Anteroposterior radiograph showing the clavicle nonunion; B: Three dimensional computed tomography reconstruction of the same clavicle nonunion; C: Scapular dyskinesia (right sided) caused by shortening of the clavicle due to nonunion.

Figure 2 Schematic drawing of the physis of the proximal humerus during growth. A: 1 mo; B: 5 years; C: 9 years; D: 11 years; E: 15 years of age.

Figure 3 Case example of a 14-year-old girl. A: Anteroposterior; B: Transscapular radiograph showing an ‘apex anterior’ displacement of a proximal humerus fracture (arrow); C: Clinical photograph showing the apex anterior displacement visibly beneath the skin.

Figure 4 Remodeling of a proximal humerus fracture in an 8-year-old boy. A: Anteroposterior radiographs taken at the initial trauma; B: After 3 mo; C: After 8 mo.

Figure 5 An example of a Neer type II displaced proximal humerus fracture in a 12-year-old boy. A: Anteroposterior; B: Transscapular radiographs taken after the trauma; C and D: After closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation.