Functional physiotherapy method results for the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot

Figure 1 Manipulations of the clubfoot. A: Reduction of the talo-navicular joint subluxation; B: Derotation of the calcaneo-forefoot block; C: Achilles tendon stretching; D: Achilles tendon stretching with midtarsal protection; E: Stretch the median groove and plantar fascia; F: Passive mobilizations in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

Figure 2 Physiotherapy adapted to motor development of the child. A: Strengthening of the fibularis muscles; B: Squat for active stretching of the Achilles tendon; C: Incline support to stretch the triceps surae; D: Support by four points to stretch the entire posterior muscle chain; E: Propiocepción on an air cushion; F: Sitting down in a toy car to stimulate support and propulsion; G: Going up and down stairs; H: Squat at four points to stretch the Achilles tendon with feet abduction.

Figure 3 Progression of clubfeet treated with the Robert Debré method. A, B: Derotation of the calcaneo-forefoot block; C: Simple taping closed with an cohesive bandage; D: Denis-Browne bar; E: Severe foot at the start of treatment; F: At 3 mo of age; G: The feet required posterior release; H: Plantigrade feet.

Figure 4 Progression of clubfeet treated with the Saint Vincent de Paul method. A: Reduction of the cavus (the forefoot is slightly supinated to align with the hindfoot); B: Performing the taping on plantar sole; C: Above-knee splints; D: Below-knee splint; E: Severe foot at the start of treatment; F: At 3 mo of age; G: Foot front view; H: Foot back view (plantigrade foot without surgery).