Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing hepatocellular carcinoma with abrupt changes

Table 1 Previous reported cases of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor producing hepatocellular carcinoma

Case	Ref.	Year	Age	Sex	WBC1 (/μL)	G-CSF2 (pg/mL)	HCV	HBV	Pathology	Sarcomatous change	Treatment	IHC	Prognosis3
1	Yamamoto et al[23]	1999	67	M	234000	251	+	-	Poorly dif. HCC	-	TAE + Chemotherapy	+	5 mo	Dead
2	Amano et al[24]	2005	70	M	26400	308	-	-	Poorly dif. HCC/CCC	+	Palliative surgery	+	1 mo	Dead
3	Aita et al[25]	2006	74	M	71700	286	-	-	Poorly carcinosarcoma	+	TAE	+	2 mo	Dead
4	Araki et al[26]	2007	66	M	45200	178	-	-	Poorly dif. HCC	+	Radical surgery + TAE	+	4 mo	Dead
5	Joshita et al[27]	2010	66	M	25450	62	-	-	Moderately dif. HCC	-	Radial surgery	+	4 yr	Dead
6	Kohno et al[28]	2012	46	M	51670	195	-	+	Moderately to poorly dif. HCC	+	Radical surgery + TAE + Chemotherapy	+	7 mo	Dead
7	Snyder et al[29]	2012	47	F	40000	58.2	-	-	Poorly dif. HCC	unknown	Radical surgery	unknown	1 mo	Dead
8	Ito et al[30]	2012	37	M	51600	342	-	+	Moderately to poorly dif. HCC	-	Radical surgery + Chemotherapy	+	2 yr	Alive
9	Our case	2016	79	M	13020	42	-	-	Poorly dif. HCC	+	Radical surgery	+	6 mo	Alive

¹White blood cell count (normal value: 4000-8000/μL);

²granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (normal value: < 39 pg/mL);

³prognosis after diagnosis. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; WBC: White blood cell; G-CSF: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CCC: Cholangiocellular carcinoma; TAE: Transcatheter arterial embolization.