Immediate nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy reconstruction: An update on oncological and reconstruction techniques

Table 1 Occult neoplastic involvement of the nipple areola complex

Ref.	Year	n	Nipple areola complexinvolvement (%)
Santini et al[45]	1989	1291	12
Menon et al[46]	1989	33	58
Verma et al[47]	1997	26	0
Vyas et al[42]	1998	140	16
Laronga et al[38]	1999	246	5.6
Simmons et al[43]	2002	217	10.6
Loewen et al[48]	2008	302	10
Rusby et al[53]	2008	130	24.6
Banerjee et al[49]	2008	219	20
Voltura et al[50]	2008	34	5.9
Pirozzi et al[51]	2010	50	28
Reynolds et al[52]	2011	29	7
Wang et al[54]	2012	787	7

Table 2 Clinical outcome and local recurrences following nipple-sparing mastectomy

Ref.	Year	n	Stage	Follow-up (mo)	Nipple areola complex recurrence	Local recurrence
Gerber et al[25]	2009	61	0-I	59	1.6	5.4
Garcia-Etienne et al[15]	2006	42	0-I	10.5	0	0
Bistoni et al[106]	2006	10	0-I	36	0	0
Voltura et al[50]	2008	51	0-III	18	0	5.9
Crowe et al[14]	2004	54	0-II	41	0	0
Petit et al[104]	2005	579	0-I	19	0	0.9
Sacchini et al[18]	2006	192	0-III	24.6	0	3
Paepke et al[103]	2009	109	0-III	34	0	1.83
Babiera et al[107]	2010	54	0-III	15	0	0
Benediktsson et al[105]	2008	216	0-III	156	0	8.5
Munhoz et al[33]	2013	158	0-II	65.6	0	3.7

Table 3 Clinical outcome and vascular related complications following nipple-sparing mastectomy

Ref.	Year	n	Nipple necrosis
			Total (n)	Partial (n)
Petit et al[109]	2009	1001	35	55
Nahabedian et al[17]	2006	11	0	1
Spear et al[108]	2011	49	3	3
Voltura et al[50]	2008	51	0	0
De Alcantara Filho et al[23]	2011	341	0	1
Wijayanayagam et al[71]	2008	64	3	10
Jensen et al[27]	2011	127	0	8
Paepke et al[103]	2009	109	1	23
Babiera et al[107]	2010	54	0	4
Munhoz et al[33]	2013	158	1	8