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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Clin Oncol. May 10, 2014; 5(2): 142-148
Published online May 10, 2014. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.142
Table 1 Characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme
Ref.rGBM patientsMedian age (range)Median KPS (range)Median tumor volume (mL) (range)
Skeie et al[9]32517312.4
19508113.9
Park et al[10]1162 (46-72)90 (80-100)13.6 (1.2-45.1)
4464 (41-77)90 (70-100)9.5 (1.5-48.9)
Koga et al[28]943 (17-64)90 (80-90)NR
953 (27-79)90 (80-90)
Elliott et al[11]1660 (35-69)90 (80-100)1.35 (0.37-6.2)
Pouratian et al[25]2660.7 (12.9-76.9)80 (40-100)21.3 (0.3-110.0)
Kida et al[21]54[Mean 52.4 (11-80)]NR(Mean: 29.0 mm) (7-48.3 mm)
1Kong et al[23]65NRNRNR
Kohshi et al[22]11NRNRNR
Hsieh et al[24]26(Mean 58.2)(Mean: 70)(Mean: 21.6)
1Kong et al[23] (2008) includes data from 0-5 cases treated with LINAC. rGBM: Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status; NR: Data not reported or not segregated for rGBM patients.
Table 2 Upfront treatment modalities for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme
Ref.rGBM patientsInitial surgeryAdjuvant radAdjuvant chemotherapyTime to 1st recurrence (mo)
Skeie et al[9]32All GTR93.5% of patients had EBRT37% Temo, 19.9% PCV11.0 (mean)
19(39-60 Gy)10.4 (mean)
Park et al[10]114 Bx, 7 GTRAll EBRT (54-60 Gy)All TemoNR
44NRNRNR
Koga et al[28]9All resection8 EBRT (48-80 Gy)6 ACNU, 2 Temo, 1 CE14.5 (median) (range, 1-51)
92 Bx, 7 resectionAll EBRT (60-80 Gy)All Temo12 (median) (range, 6-39)
Elliott et al[11]16NRAll EBRT (60 Gy)All Temo7.9 (median) (range, 2-84)
Pouratian et al[25]262 Bx, 18 STR, 6 GTR25 EBRT (dose NR)16 had chemotherapy (type NR)NR
Kida et al[21]54NRNRNRNR
1Kong et al[23]65NRAll EBRT (54-70 Gy)NR4.3 (range, 1.5-27.0)
Kohshi et al[22]11All debulkingAll EBRT (50-72 Gy)All had chemotherapy (type NR)NR
Hsieh et al[24]26NRAll EBRT (60 Gy)NRNR
1Kong et al[23] (2008) includes data from 0-5 cases treated with LINAC. rGBM: Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme; GTR: Gross total resection; STR: Subtotal resection; Bx: Biopsy; EBRT: External beam radiation therapy; Temo: Temozolomide; PCV: Procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine; NR: Data not reported or not segregated for rGBM patients.
Table 3 Salvage treatment modalities and details for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
Ref.rGBM patientsMargin GK dose (range) GySalvage resectionSalvage radiotherapySalvage chemotherapy
Skeie et al[9]3212.2 (8-20)None19 EBRT3 Temo, 15 PCV
19All GTR12 EBRT1 Temo, 6 PCV
Park et al[10]1116 (13-18)2 debulkingNoneAll BZ (9 w/irinotecan, 1 w/Temo)
4415 (10-20)7 resection1 EBRT19 patients (no BZ)
Koga et al[28]920NRNRNR
9Extended field, 20NRNRNR
Elliott et al[11]1615 (12-18)14 GTR, 2 NTRNRNR
Pouratian et al[25]266.0 (3.0-15.0)NRNRNR
Kida et al[21]5414.7 (8-25)NRNRNR
1Kong et al[23]6516 (12-50)NRNR13 Temo or PCV
Kohshi et al[22]1122 (18-27) in 8 fractions followed by HBO therapy2 patientsNRNR
Hsieh et al[24]2612NRNRNR
1Kong et al[23] (2008) includes data from 0-5 cases treated with LINAC. rGBM: Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme; GK: Gamma Knife; HBO: Hyperbaric oxygen; GTR: Gross total resection; NTR: Near-total resection; EBRT: External beam radiation therapy; Temo: Temozolomide; PCV: Procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine; BZ: Bevacizumab; NR: Data not reported or not segregated for rGBM patients.
Table 4 Outcomes following Gamma Knife salvage therapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
Ref.rGBM patientsMed. survival from diagnosis (mo)Progression-free survivalMedian survival after GK salvage (mo)Time to recurrence, post-GK (mo)Local tumorcontrolARE
Skeie et al[9]3218.0 (95%CI: 16.7-30.8)NR9 (95%CI: 8.7-14.9)618.8%9.80%
19 (salvage GTR)21.0 (95%CI: 21.2-55.9)15 (95%CI: 12.8-40.4)
Park et al[10]11 (salvage BZ)33.2 (95%CI: 23.7-42.7)14.9 (95%CI: 6.5-23.3)17.9 (95%CI: 10.1-25.7)All 6 tumors > 10 mL: 5.9 (95%CI: 1.8-10.0) 1 of 5 tumors < 10 mL: 9.5NR9.00%
4426.7 (95%CI: 21.8-31.6)6.7 (95%CI: 5.6-7.8)12.2 (95%CI: 8.1-16.3)19 of 21 tumors > 10 mL: 5.1 (95%CI: 4.0-6.2) 21 of 23 tumors < 10 mL: 8.3 (95%CI: 4.2-12.4)NR46%
Koga et al[28]924.0 (range, 14-57)NR10.5 (range, 3-29)NR47.0%5.90%
9 (EF GK)21.0 (range, 15-51)9 (range, 6-27)93.0%28.6%
Elliott et al[11]1626.1NR13 (range, 2.5-37.2)NRNR18.8%
Pouratian et al[25]2617.4 (95%CI: 14.4-20.4)7.1 (95%CI: 2.9-11.3)9.4 (95%CI: 7.9-10.9)NRNR0.0%
Kida et al[21]5427.0NR14.0NRNRNR
1Kong et al[23]6523.0 (95%CI: 16.2-29.3)4.6 (95%CI: 4.0-5.2)13 (95%CI: 10.6-16.0)NRNRNR
Kohshi et al[22]1121.0 (95%CI: 16-26)NR11 (95%CI: 4-12)NRNR18.0%
Hsieh et al[24]2616.7NR10.0NRNRNR
1Kong et al[23] (2008) includes data from 0-5 cases treated with LINAC. rGBM: Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme; GK: Gamma knife; ARE: Adverse radiation effects; GTR: Gross total resection; BZ: Bevacizumab; NR: Data not reported or not segregated for rGBM patients.