Review
Copyright ©2012 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Clin Oncol. Mar 10, 2012; 3(3): 32-42
Published online Mar 10, 2012. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i3.32
Table 1 Potential therapeutic targets in melanoma stem/progenitor cells and their progenies
Targeted deregulated elementName of inhibitory agent
mAb against stem cell-like surface marker
CD133Anti-CD133 mAb
ABCB5Anti-ABCB5 mAb
Growth factor signaling inhibitor
EGFR (erbB1) antibodymAb-C225, cetuximab (IMC-C225), IMC-1121B
EGFR-TKIGefitinib, erlotinib, AG1478, PD153035
Anti-EGF antibodyABX-EGF
Pan-erbB1/erbB2/erbB3/erbB4-TKICl1033
METSUI1274
HedgehogAnti-SHH antibody, SMO inhibitor (cyclopamine, GDC-0449, BMS-833923, NVP-LDE225, IPI-926 IPI-269609)
Wnt/β-cateninAnti-Wnt antibody, WIF-1
Notchγ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT, MK-0752,GSI-18)
Nodal/CriptoLEFTY, Anti-Cripto mAb
KITImatinib mesylate, dasatinib
HA/CD44Anti-CD44 mAb, soluble CD44 protein
VEGFAnti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab)
VEGFR2Anti-VEGFR-2 mAb (DC101)
VEGFR2/EGFR/RETVandetanib (ZD6474)
VEGFRs, PDGFRs, KITSunitinib
B-Raf, C-Raf, KIT, PDGFRs, VEGFR2 and 3Sorafenib
ECM component/integrinAnti-integrin antibody
CXCR4AMD3100
Intracellular signaling inhibitor
B-RafE600VPLX 4032, PLX4720
MEK1/2AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), PD0325901
PI3KLY294002
mTORRapamycin, CCl-779,
PI3K/mTORPI-103
NF-κBIkBα inhibitor, sulfasalazine, bortezomib (PS-341) salinosporamides A (NPI-0052), parthenolide
COX-2NS-396, etodolax, celecoxib, rofecoxib
Immunomodulatory agent
Immune and/or vascular systemsImiquimod, INF-α, IL-2, IL-21, anti-CTLA-4, mAb (ipilimumab “MDX 010”and tremelimumab “CP-675, 206”)