Downregulation of huntingtin-associated protein 1 predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer

Table 1 Expression of huntingtin-associated protein 1 in patients with gastric cancer

Groups	HAP1 expression				Total
	-	+	++	+++
Adjacent normal mucosas	11	27	33	53	124
GC tissues	48	37	28	11	1241
GC tissues with lymphatic metastasis	30	28	10	8	762
GC tissues without lymphatic metastasis	17	10	11	10	48
Lymphatic metastasis tissues	45	12	13	6	763

¹Adjacent normal mucosas vs gastric cancer tissues; χ² = 35.631, P < 0.001.

²Gastric cancer tissues with lymphatic metastasis vs gastric cancer tissues without lymphatic metastasis; χ² = 5.494, P = 0.019.

³Adjacent normal mucosas vs lymphatic metastasis tissues; χ² = 39.376, P < 0.001.

HAP1: Huntingtin-associated protein 1; GC: Gastric cancer.

Table 2 Relationship between huntingtin-associated protein 1 expressions and clinicopathologic features in patients with gastric cancer

Features	Low	High	P value	χ2
Cases	85	39
Age
< 55 years	30	15	0.733	0.116
≥ 55 years	55	24
Sex
Male	36	20	0.354	0.861
Female	49	19
Tumor size
< 3 cm	37	16	0.599	0.276
≥ 3 cm	48	23
Differentiation
Low	40	10	0.014	8.506
Moderate	28	12
High	17	17
Serosal invasion
No	33	21	0.117	2.454
Yes	52	18
Lymphatic metastasis
No	27	21	0.019	5.494
Yes	58	18
LNR
< 27	33	25	0.009	6.862
≥ 27	52	14
Remote metastasis
No	60	35	0.035	4.458
Yes	25	4
Clinical stage
Early	18	16	0.021	5.293
Advanced	67	23
Tumor location
Proximal	58	19	0.038	4.327
Distal	27	20

LNR: Lymph node ratio. Positive lymph node/total examined lymph nodes × 100%. Tumor size was measured based on the length of the largest tumor nodule.

Table 3 Cox proportional hazards model of the relationship between individual parameters and overall survival

Variables1	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
HAP1 (low)	2.367 (1.876-4.012)	0.011	1.932 (1.142-2.867)	0.029
Age (≥ 55 years)	1.358 (0.768-1.152)	0.934
Sex (female)	0.736 (0.864-1.784)	0.869
Tumor size (≥ 3 cm)	0.805 (0.653-1.251)	0.211
Differentiation (low)	0.854 (0.671-1.126)	0.217
Clinical stage (advanced)	2.675 (1.765-3.467)	0.012	1.878 (1.342-3.247)	0.014
Lymph metastases (yes)	2.348 (1.854-2.637)	0.031	1.641 (0.856-2.536)	0.091
LNR (≥ 27)	0.843 (0.743-1.987)	0.451
Remote metastasis (yes)	2.986 (1.897-4.567)	0.009	2.657 (1.564-3.782)	0.012
Tumor location (distal)	2.283 (1.891-3.147)	0.034	2.154 (1.965-3.012)	0.061
Serosal invasion (yes)	1.786 (1.056-2.435)	0.091

¹Variables in parentheses are the reference.

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; LNR: Lymph node ratio.