Impact of family history of breast disease on knowledge, attitudes, and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females

Table 1 Sociodemographic features of the reproductive-age females

Variables		Females with FH of breast diseases (n = 143)		Females without FH of breast diseases (n = 209)
		Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage
Age category (in years)	15-19	28	19.6	47	22.5
	20-24	20	14.0	58	27.8
	25-29	30	21.0	42	20.1
	30-34	35	24.5	49	23.4
	≥ 35	30	21.0	13	6.2
Residency	Rural	109	76.2	91	43.5
	Urban	34	23.8	118	56.5
Religion	Orthodox	106	74.1	148	70.8
	Others than orthodox	37	25.9	61	29.8
Ethnicity	Amhara	129	90.2	162	77.5
	Other than Amhara	14	9.8	47	22.5
Marital status	Single	56	39.2	82	39.2
	Married	61	42.7	85	40.7
	Divorced	13	9.1	33	15.8
	Widowed	13	9.1	9	4.3
Educational status	Illiterate	35	24.5	64	30.6
	Primary education	21	14.7	49	23.4
	Secondary education	44	30.8	79	37.8
	College/university	43	30.1	17	8.2
Occupational status	Employee	27	18.9	38	18.2
	Merchant	32	22.4	35	16.7
	Farmer	39	27.3	59	28.2
	Housewife	27	18.9	37	17.7
	Labor worker	15	10.5	34	16.3
	Jobless	3	2.1	6	2.9

All variables are continuous so that they are presented as number and percentage. Others include Muslims, Protestants, and Catholics for religion and Oromos and South Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples for ethnicity. FH: Family history.

Table 2 Income and medical history of the reproductive-age females

Variables		Females with FH of breast diseases (n = 143)		Females without FH of breast diseases (n = 209)
		Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage
Monthly income	Below poverty line	99	69.2	165	78.9
	Above poverty line	44	30.8	44	21.1
Community health insurance	Yes	115	80.4	122	58.4
	No	28	19.6	87	41.6
FH of breast cancer	Yes	92	64.3	-	-
	No	51	37.5	-	-
Family history of other breast diseases	Yes	51	35.7	-	-
	No	92	64.3	-	-

All the variables are continuous so that they are presented as number and percentage. FH: Family history.

Table 3 Knowledge, attitude, and breast cancer preventive practices of the participants

Variables		Frequency (%)		P value
		Females with FH of breast diseases (n = 143)	Females without FH of breast diseases (n = 209)
Knowledge	Good	120 (83.9)	22 (10.5)	0.000c
	Poor	23 (16.1)	187 (89.5)
Attitude	Positive	70 (49.0)	67 (32.1)	0.001b
	Negative	73 (51.0)	142 (67.9)
Preventive practice	Yes	106 (74.1)	35 (16.7)	0.000c
	No	37 (25.9)	174 (83.3)

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001. All the variables are continuous so that they are presented as number and percentage. FH: Family history.

Table 4 Factors associated with knowledge of reproductive-age females about breast cancer

Variables		Knowledge in frequency		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	P value
		Good	Poor
Educational status	Unable to read1	23	76
	Primary education	16	54	1.020 (0.500-2.110)	0.300 (0.110-0.840)	0.210
	Secondary education	49	74	0.460 (0.250-0.820)	0.170 (0.200-0.400)	0.000c
	College/university	54	6	0.034 (0.013-0.880)	0.004 (0.001-0.019)	0.000c
Income	Below poverty line1	96	168	0.520 (0.320-0.850)	0.380 (0.180-0.820)	0.014a
	Above poverty line	46	42
Health insurance	Yes	108	129	2.000 (1.240-3.210)	2.220 (1.130-4.340)	0.021a
	No1	34	81

^aP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.001.

¹The categories having variables marked are reference categories. COR: Crude odds ratio; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Factors associated with attitude of reproductive-age females towards breast cancer

Variables		Attitude		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	P value
		Positive	Negative
Educational status	Unable to read1	26	73
	Primary education	28	42	0.530 (0.280-1.030)	0.630 (0.310-1.290)	0.205
	Secondary education	59	64	0.390 (0.220-0.680)	0.420 (0.260-0.770)	0.005b
	College/university	24	36	0.530 (0.270-1.060)	0.600 (0.290-1.250)	0.174
Income	Below poverty line1	85	179	0.330 (0.200-0.540)	0.400 (0.240-0.680)	0.001b
	Above poverty line	52	36
Health insurance	Yes	105	132	2.060 (1.280-3.340)	1.980 (1.190-3.300)	0.009b
	No1	32	83

^bP < 0.01.

¹The categories having variables marked are reference categories. COR: Crude odds ratio; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Factors associated with breast cancer preventive practices

Variables		Preventive practice		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	P value
		Yes	No
Education status	Unable to read1	29	70
	Primary	22	48	0.900 (0.470-1.760)	0.630 (0.290-1.350)	0.236
	Secondary	55	68	0.510 (0.290-0.900)	0.390 (0.200-0.770)	0.007b
	College/university	35	25	0.300 (0.150-0.580)	0.250 (0.110-0.540)	0.000c
Income	Below poverty line1	88	176	0.230 (0.140-0.390)	0.460 (0.250-0.860)	0.014a
	Above poverty line	53	35
Health insurance	Yes	120	117	4.590 (2.680-7.860)	4.590 (2.550-8.260)	0.000c
	No1	21	94

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

¹The categories having variables marked are reference categories. COR: Crude odds ratio; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.