Impact of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy on gastric cancer survival: Peritoneal metastasis and cytology perspectives

Table 1 Comparative demographic characteristics of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, cytology-positive, and cytology-negative patient groups

Feature	Cytology-negative group, n = 41	Cytology-positive group, n = 23	HIPEC group, n = 20	P value
Age	59.87 ± 10.25	63.17 ± 13.57	45.10 ± 11.34	< 0.0001
Sex
Male	23 (56.1)	15 (62.5)	3 (15)	0.002
Female	18 (43.9)	8 (34.8)	17 (85)
Operative time	269.27 ± 98.42	326.43 ± 135.39	534.60 ± 112.76	< 0.0001
Length of stay	14.88 ± 7.76	14.69 ± 6.48	19.05 ± 9.63	0.120
Blood loss	437.56 ± 69.04	616.09 ± 134.64	1056.50 ± 128.03	< 0.0001
Combined resection (other than splenectomy)
No	37 (90)	18 (78.3)	2 (10)	< 0.0001
Yes	4 (9.8)	5 (21.7)	18 (90)
Complication
No	33 (80.5)	17 (73.90)	13 (65.0)	0.419
Yes	8 (19.5)	6 (26.10)	7 (35.0)

Data are n (%). HIPEC: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Table 2 Pathological profile comparison among hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, cytology-positive, and cytology-negative groups

Feature	Cytology-negative group, n = 41	Cytology-positive group, n = 23	HIPEC group, n = 20	P value
Size	6.34 ± 3.40	7.49 ± 3.66	9.13 ± 4.25	0.025
Histology
Well/moderately differentiated	15 (36.6)	6 (26.1)	6 (30.0)	0.670
Poorly differentiated/Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma	26 (63.4)	17 (73.9)	14 (70.0)
Location
Upper	19 (46.3)	8 (34.8)	4 (20.0)	0.548
Middle	6 (14.6)	4 (17.4)	6 (30.0)
Distal	11 (26.8)	7 (30.4)	6 (30.0)
Entire	5 (12.2)	4 (17.4)	4 (20.0)
pT-stage
Stage I	2 (4.9)	0 (0)	1 (5.0)	0.154
Stage II	6 (14.6)	2 (8.7)	0 (0)
Stage III	13 (31.7)	3 (13.0)	3 (15)
Stage IVa	16 (39)	14 (60.9)	10 (50)
Stage IVb	4 (9.8)	4 (17.4)	6 (30)
pN-stage
Stage 0	8 (19.5)	1 (4.3)	2 (10)	0.132
Stage I	8 (19.5)	4 (17.4)	2 (10)
Stage II	6 (14.6)	2 (8.7)	4 (20)
Stage IIIa	12 (29.3)	6 (26.1)	2 (10)
Stage IIIb	7 (17.1)	10 (43.5)	10 (50)
Margin
Negative	36 (87.8)	20 (87)	15 (75)	0.401
Positive	5 (12.2)	3 (13)	5 (25)
Angiolymphatic invasion
Negative	19 (46.3)	5 (21.7)	4 (20)	0.047
Positive	22 (53.7)	18 (78.3)	16 (80)
Lymph node retrieval	34.20 ± 15.17	36.74 ± 14.88	39.50 ± 15.74	0.436

Data are n (%). HIPEC: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.