Exploring a new chapter in traditional Chinese medicine: The potential of Calculus bovis in liver cancer treatment

Table 1 Novel therapeutic techniques in liver cancer applications

Name	Target	Stage	Potential pros	Potential cons
PROTACs
JB170	AURKA	Preclinical	Versatile drug design potential; high target specificity; reduced risk of drug resistance	Higher complexity in design and development cost off-target effects; limited clinical data available
BETd-260	BET	Preclinical
ARV-771	BRD2/3/4	Preclinical
CP-10	CDK6	Preclinical
BSJ-03-123	CDK6	Preclinical
ADCs
MGC018	CD276	Preclinical	High target specificity; reduced systemic toxicity	Limited scope of targetable antigens off-target effects; challenges in stability and drug release
ABBV-400	MET	Preclinical
hYP7-DC	GPC3	Preclinical
CLDN6-DM1	CLDN6	Preclinical
mRNA vaccines
PGV002	Neoantigen	Phase I	Personalized treatment; potential; potential for broader; immune response; lower drug toxic	Potential for immune-related; side effects; Limited clinical data in; cancer treatment
PCV	Neoantigen	Phase I
ABOR2014	Neoantigen	Phase I

PROTACs: Proteolysis-targeting chimaeras; ADCs: Antibody-coupled drugs.