Anti-tumor effect of coix seed based on the theory of medicinal and food homology

Table 1 Processing method of Coix seed

Coix seed	Processing method	Source
Coix seed	Remove imports	Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020)
Fried coix seeds	Clean the mix seeds and fry them until they are slightly yellow	Processing Standards of TCM Decoction Pieces in Hubei Province (2018)
Fried mix seed with bran	Clean the mix seeds and fry them with bran until they are slightly yellow	Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020)
Fried coix seed in clay	Take the pure Coix seeds and fry them according to the method of soil frying until the surface benefits burn yellow and bulks up to the degree	Processing standard of TCM detection pieces in Henan Province (2005)
Coix seed powder	Take coix seeds, remove impurities and crush them into fine powder	Processing Standards of TCM Decoction Pieces in Sichuan Province (2015)
Jiao coix seed	Fry until browned	Processing Standards of TCM Decoction Pieces in Tianjin (2018)
Scald coix seed	Take the coix seed, wash it, moisten it thoroughly, steam it, dry it, and press it with the oil and method until it looks like a bubble	Fujian Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Standards (1988)

TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.

Table 2 Anti-cancer effect of Coix seed and its components

Pharmacological effect	Ingredient	Conclusion
Lung cancer	Kanglaite	Paclitaxel combined with kanglaite is effective in improving bone metastasis of lung cancer
	Kanglaite injection	Kanglaite injection can significantly reduce the expression of miRNA-21 in patients with advanced lung cancer, and has a good thermal effect
	Kanglaite	Kanglaite can achieve benefits by reducing TAM levels and improving hypoxia in mice with Lewis lung cancer
Colon cancer	Coix seed oil	Coix seed oil plays an anti-colon cancer role by inducing G2 rest and topology of HT-29 cells by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Colorectal cancer	Kanglaite injection	Kanglaite pretreatment may increase the effect of Taxol on colored cancer
Hepatoma	Coix seed components	Octanoyl galactose ester modified microemulsion system self-assembled by coil seed components to enhance tumor targeting and hepatoma therapy
	Coix seed ingredients	Bitargeted microemissions based on Coix seed ingredients have the effect of enhancing life tube transmission and synergistic therapy
Triple negative breast cancer	Kanglaite injection	Kanglaite injection was confirmed to have anti TNBC effects by arresting cell cycle and inhibiting CDK1 precipitation
	Coix seed oil	Coix seed oil exerts an anti-triple negative breast cancer effect by interrupting miR-205/S1PR1 axis
Clinical cancer	Coix seed oil	Self-enhancing system colored with paclitaxel and Coix seed oil deeply penetrated can enhance efficiency of clinical cancer
	Coix seed oil	Transferrin modified microemulsion carrying Coix seed oil and tripterine (Tf CT MEs) can be used to improve tube specific accumulation and connection to enhance clinical cancer treatment
	Coix seed oil	Coix seed oil and tripterine coated microemissions with a transfer modification (Tf CT MES) could improve the treatment of cervical cancer
Gastric cancer	Kanglaite injection	Kanglaite inhibits the expression of drug resistance genes through suppressing PVT1 in cisplatin-resistant gas cancer cells
Pancreatic cancer	Coix seed oil	Coix seed oil regulations mitochondrial functional image to induce apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
	Coix seed extract	Coix seed extract could augment the efficiency of gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer cells
	Coix seed emission	Coix seed emission synergistically enhances the antagonist activity of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer through inhibition of NF- κ B signaling
Ameliorates cancer cachexia	Coix seed oil	Coix seed oil ameliorates cancer cachexia by counteracting muscle loss and fat lipolysis

TNBC: Triple negative breast cancer.