Autoimmune diabetes from pembrolizumab: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Ref.	No. of patients	Age/Sex	Type of cancer	Time from first administration (wk)	No. of cycle
de Filette et al[9], 2019		61/M	NSCLC	8	2
de Filette et al[9], 2019	91	65	Melanoma/NSCLC		4.5
Clotman et al[10], 2018		73/F	Melanoma	8	2
Clotman et al[10], 2018	14	63		6	3
Farina et al[11], 2019	10	62	Melanoma/Lung cancer		5
Kyriacou et al[12], 2020		68/F	Lung cancer	7	2
Banatwalla et al[13], 2021		83/F	Melanoma	23	7
Hernandez et al[14], 2021		67/M	SCC tongue	3	1
Bansal et al[15], 2022		85/F	Lung adeno	9	3
Kedzior et al[16], 2021		51/F	Lung adeno	8	2
Cunha et al[17], 2022		59/F	Lung adeno	3	1
Kähler et al[18], 2020	5	74-85, 3F and 2M	Melanoma		4
Tohi et al[19], 2019		75/M	Urothelial CA	10	3
Edahiro et al[20], 2019		61/F	Lung adeno	25	8
Magis et al[21], 2018		41/F	Melanoma	57	19
Samoa et al[22], 2020		12/M	Hodgkin's lymphoma	15	5
Li et al[23], 2018		67/M	NSCLC	10	3
Boyle et al[24], 2019		56/M	Melanoma	22 months
Boyle et al[24], 2019		74/F	Merkel cell cancer	23	7
Sankar et al[25], 2021		85/F	Bladder CA	9 months
Hakami et al[26], 2019		52/M	Melanoma	21	7
Chaudry et al[27], 2020		75/M	NSCLC	12	4
Kotwal et al[28], 2019	11	61			4
Zand et al[29], 2022		81/F	Melanoma	26	8
Maamari et al[30], 2019		47/F	Cardiac angiosarcoma	6	1
Alrifai et al[31], 2019		69/M	NSCLC	15	4
Hong et al[32], 2020		76/M	Lung	11	3
Hong et al[32], 2020		78/F	Melanoma	4	1
Hong et al[32], 2020		65/F	Biliary CA	21	7
Skorpen et al[33], 2019		60s/M	Lung adeno	8	2
Martin-Liberal et al[34], 2015		54/F	Melanoma	9	3
Gaudy et al[35], 2015		44/F	Melanoma	8	2
Aleksova et al[36], 2016		61/M	Melanoma	6	1
M A et al[37], 2016		55/M	Melanoma	27	9
Hansen et al[38], 2016		58/M	Melanoma		17
Alhusseini et al[39], 2017		65/M	Lung adenocarcinoma	3	1
F A et al[40], 2017		48/F	Melanoma	2	1
Tay et al[41], 2017		74/F	Melanoma	3	1
Chae et al[42], 2017		76/M	Lung adenocarcinoma	1	1
Smith-Cohn et al[43], 2017		61/F	Cholangiocarcinoma	18	6
C M et al[44], 2017		58/M	Melanoma		4
Abayev et al[45], 2018		71/M	Melanoma	26
Ioana et al[46], 2018		52/M	Melanoma	13
Kalkan et al[47], 2018		73/F	NSCLC	9	3
Reslan et al[48], 2018		79/M	Melanoma	24	5
Fernandez et al[49], 2019		15/M	Soft tissue sarcoma	2	1
Sfeir et al[50], 2019		90/M	Melanoma
Talib et al[51], 2019		67/F	Esophageal squamous cell CA	8	2
Gunjur et al[52], 2019		77/F	Melanoma	3 Days	1
Singh et al[53], 2019		70/M	Melanoma	10	3
Akopyan et al[54], 2020		66/F	Urothelial CA	6 months
Zagouras et al[55], 2020		52/M	Lung adenocarcinoma	9	3
Kethireddy et al[56], 2021		85/M		9	3

NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma.

Table 2 Diabetes characteristics

Ref.	Presentation	HbA1C	C-peptide	Auto Ab	Outcome
de Filette et al[9]	DKA		0.02 nmol/L	GADA	Not known
de Filette et al[9]	71% DKA	7.6	Low in 84%	51% GADA 18% IA213% ICA26% Anti-Insulin	Not known
Clotman et al[10]	DKA	7.1	Low	GADA, ICA	Stayed on insulin
Clotman et al[10]	70% DKA	7.5	Low in 93%	56% GADA
Farina et al[11]	69% DKA	7.76	0.1	50% GADA+	97% remained on Insulin therapy
Kyriacou et al[12]	DKA	7	Low	GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Banatwalla et al[13]	DKA	8.2	0.09	All neg	Stayed on insulin
Hernandez et al[14]	DKA	6.9			Stayed on insulin
Bansal et al[15]	HHS	8.3	Normal	GADA +	Stayed on insulin
Kedzior et al[16]	DKA	8.3	Undetected	GADA+
Cunha et al[17]	DKA	5.6	Undetected	GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Kähler et al[18]	DKA	9.7, 6.5, 7.5, No data for other 2	Low in 1	GADA+ in 2
Tohi et al[19]	DKA	6.7	Undetected	GADA negative	Stayed on insulin
Edahiro et al[20]	DKA	8.4	Low	GADA negative	Stayed on insuline
Magis et al[21]	DKA	6.8	< 0.003	GADA negative,IA-2 Positive	Stayed on insulin
Samoa et al[22]	DKA	8.9, Intial was 6.0	Low	GADA negative,IA-2 PositiveIA Positive	Stayed on insulin
Li et al[23]	DKA	8	Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insuline
Boyle et al[24]	DKA	7.4	Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Boyle et al[24]	DKA		Low	All ab negative
Sankar et al[25]	DKA	6.8		All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Hakami et al[26]	DKA	8.3	< 0.001	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Chaudry et al[27]	DKA			GADA +	Stayed on insulin
Kotwal et al[28]	8 DKA,1 HHS,1 Ketosis,1 Hyperglycemia	9.7	5/6 Low	4/7 GADA+, 1/7 IAA+, 1/7 IA2A+	Stayed on insulin
Zand et al[29]	DKA	8.9		All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Maamari et al[30]	DKA	6.4	Low	GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Alrifai et al[31]	DKA	9.2	Low	GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Hong et al[32]	DKA	10.4	Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Hong et al[32]	DKA	11.4	Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Hong et al[32]	DKA	5.8	Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Skorpen et al[33]	DKA	8.4	Undetected	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Martin-Liberal et al[34]	DKA			GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Gaudy et al[35]	DKA	6.85	Undetected	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Aleksova et al[36]	DKA		Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
M A et al[37]	DKA	10.7		All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Hansen et al[38]	Simple T1DM	7.1	Low	GADA+	Dced insulin
Alhusseini et al[39]	DKA	8.5	Undectable	GADA+, ICA+	Stayed on insulin
F A et al[40]	DKA	8	Undectable	GADA+, IA+	Stayed on insulin
Tay et al[41]	DKA	9.3	Undectable	All ab Negative	Stayed on insulin
Chae et al[42]	DKA	5.8	Low	GADA+, ICA+	Stayed on insulin
Smith-Cohn et al[43]	DKA	8.7		GADA+	Stayed on insulin
C M et al[44]	DKA	7.4	Undetectable	All ab Negative
Abayev et al[45]	DKA	11.8	Normal	All ab Negative	Stayed on insulin
Ioana et al[46]	DKA	8.3	Undetectable	All ab Negative
Kalkan et al[47]	DKA		Low	All ab Negative
Reslan et al[48]	DKA	7.5			Stayed on insulin
Fernandez et al[49]	DKA	5.5	Low	GADA+
Sfeir et al[50]	DKA	10.2	Low	All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Talib et al[51]	DKA	7.9	Low	GADA+
Gunjur et al[52]	DKA	6.9	Low	GADA+, ICA+	Stayed on insulin
Singh et al[53]	DKA			GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Akopyan et al[54]	DKA			All ab negative	Stayed on insulin
Zagouras et al[55]	Hyperglycemia	5.7	Low	GADA+	Stayed on insulin
Kethireddy et al[56]	T1DM	9		GADA+	Stayed on insulin

NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; GADA: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; IA-2: Islet antibody; ICA: Islet cell antibodies; IAA: Insulin autoantibodies; ab: Antibodies.