Roles of microRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Metastasis-regulating miRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

MicroRNA	Validated target(s)	Effect	Ref.
miR-1	Notch2	Represses proliferation, migration, and invasion	[105]
miR-9	E-cadherin	Promotes metastasis	[91]
miRNA-10b-3p	TSGA10	Promotes cell growth and metastasis	[106]
miR-17/20a	TGFBR2	Represses migration and invasion	[107]
miR-21	TGFβ	Promotes TGFβ-induced EMT	[108]
	PCD4	Promotes cell growth and invasion	[54]
	PTEN	Promotes invasion	[57]
miR-25	E-cadherin	Promotes metastasis	[93]
miR-26a and miR-144	COX2	Repress proliferation and metastasis	[109]
miR-29b	MMP2	Represses proliferation and invasion	[73]
miR-29c	VEGF	Represses angiogenesis and metastasis	[95]
miR-30c	SNAI1	Represses proliferation, EMT and invasion	[86]
miR-34a	MMP2, MMP9, and FNDC3B	Represses migration and invasion	[71]
	CD44	Represses invasion and metastasis	[110]
	Yin Yang-1	Represses migration and invasion	[72]
miR-92a	E-cadherin	Promotes lymph node metastasis	[92]
miR-92b	ITGAV	Represses invasion and metastasis	[111]
miR-106b	PTEN	Promotes invasion and metastasis	[112]
	SMAD7	Represses EMT	[84]
miR-128-3p	ZEB1	Represses EMT and metastasis	[89]
miR-130a-5p	ZEB1	Represses EMT and metastasis	[113]
miR-130-3p	SMAD4	Represses EMT, migration, and invasion	[82]
miR-133a	MMP14, FSCN1	Represses cell invasion	[76]
miR-145	PLCE1	Represses proliferation and metastasis	[64]
miR-146a	Vimentin	Represses tumor invasion	[85]
miR-150	ZEB1	Represses EMT and metastasis	[90]
miR-200b	Kindlin-2	Represses focal adhesion formation and invasion	[67]
miR-218	BMI1	Represses proliferation and metastasis	[114]
miR-339-5p	TSPAN15	Represses metastasis	[115]
miR-375	SHOX2	Represses invasion and metastasis	[116]
	MMP13	Represses migration and invasion	[75]
miR-377	CD133 and VEGF	Represses tumor initiation and progression	[38]
miR-424-5p	SMAD7	Represses EMT, migration and invasion	[83]
miR-429	Slug	Represses migration and invasion	[87]
miR-515-3p	MMP3 and Vimentin	Represses invasion and metastasis	[74]
miR-548k	ADAMTS1	Promotes lymph node metastasis	[96]
miR-630	Slug	Represses invasion and metastasis	[117]
miR-644a	PITX2	Repressing aggressiveness and stem cell-like phenotype	[118]
miR-655	TGFBR2 and ZEB1	Represses EMT	[88]
miR-1290	SCAI	Promotes proliferation and metastasis	[119]
miR-4324	FAK	Represses EMT	[120]
miR-6775-3p	MAGE-A family proteins	Represses invasion and metastasis	[121]

TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; PLCE1: Phospholipase C epsilon 1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.