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©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Clin Oncol. Jun 24, 2020; 11(6): 320-336
Published online Jun 24, 2020. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i6.320
Published online Jun 24, 2020. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i6.320
Table 1 Postoperative adverse events of thyroid surgery in a cohort of 14934 patients[28]
Postoperative adverse eventFrequency (%) | Total thyroidectomy | Lobectomy |
Hypoparathyroidism (10%) | ||
Transient | 14% | 0.4% |
Permanent | 2.2% | 0.07% |
Vocal cord paralysis (3.4%) | ||
Transient | 2.4% | 1.4% |
Permanent | 1.3% | 0.6% |
Bilateral | 0.6% | 0% |
Hematoma (1.2%) | 1.6% | 0.4% |
Surgical wound infection (0.3%) | 0.4% | 0.13% |
External superior laryngeal nerve injury | 0.4% | |
Thoracic duct injury | 0.2% | |
Ulnar nerve injury | 0.2% | |
Others1 | 0.9% |
Table 2 Unfavorable events following active surveillance and immediate surgery (adapted from Oda et al[27], 2018)
Complication | Active surveillance | Immediate surgery | P value |
Vocal cord paralysis | < 0.0001 | ||
Transient | 0.6% | 4.1% | |
Permanent | 0% | 0.2% | |
Hypoparathyroidism | < 0.0001 | ||
Transient | 2.8% | 16.7% | |
Permanent | 0.08% | 1.6% | |
Hypothyroidism | 0.08% | 1.6% | < 0.0001 |
Levothyroxine requirement | 20.7% | 66% | |
Hematoma | 0% | 0.5% | < 0.05 |
Table 3 Highlighted active surveillance trials
Ref. | n | Median follow-up in mo | Tumor growth ≥ 3 mm, % patients | Lymph node metastasis, % patients | Distant metastases, % patients | Deaths, % patients |
Sugitani et al[44], 2010 | 230 | 5 | 9.6 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 |
Ito et al[6], 2014 | 1235 | 120 | 8 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 |
Oda et al[27], 2016 | 1179 | 36 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
Kwon et al[74], 2017 | 192 | 30 | 14 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
Tuttle et al[17], 2017 | 291 | 25 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kim et al[52], 2018 | 126 | 26 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
Sakai et al[47], 2018 | 61 | 88.8 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Smulever and Pitoia[8], 2019 | 34 | 42 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Molinaro et al[75], 2019 | 93 | 19 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
- Citation: Pitoia F, Smulever A. Active surveillance in low risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11(6): 320-336
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v11/i6/320.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v11.i6.320