Predictive model for sphincter preservation in lower rectal cancer

Figure 1  Predictive factors for sphincter preservation in low rectal cancer.

Figure 2 Surgical options for low rectal cancer. A: Low anterior resection; B: Ultra-low anterior resection; C: Partial inter-sphincteric resection; D: Subtotal inter-sphincteric resection; E: Total inter-sphincteric resection; F: Abdominoperineal resection. LAR: Low anterior resection; UL-LAR: Ultra-low anterior resection; ISR: Inter-sphincteric resection; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; IS: Internal sphincter; ES: External sphincter; DL: Dentate line; ARJ: Ano-rectal junction.