Oncologic safety of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery in left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: Current evidence and prospects

Figure 1 Endoscopic image of deployed stent.

Figure 2 Surgical specimen after laparoscopic colectomy following colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery.

Figure 3 Forest plot showing the stoma rate. SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent; ES: Emergency surgery.

Figure 4 Forest plot showing the postoperative morbidity rate. SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent; ES: Emergency surgery.

Figure 5 Forest plot showing the overall mortality rate. SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent; ES: Emergency surgery.

Figure 6 Three possible mechanisms of tumor dissemination after self-expandable metal stent placement. A: self-expandable metal stent (SEMS)-related perforation; B: Increased circulating tumor cells; C: Aggressive pathological features after SEMS placement.

Figure 7 Forest plot showing the overall recurrence rate. SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent; ES: Emergency surgery.