Endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage - is it ready for prime time?

Table 1 Endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage using plastic stent

Author	Study design	Year of publication	Number of patients	Technical success	Clinical success	Adverse event rate
Baron et al	Case report	2007	1	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Kwan et al	Case series	2007	3	3 (100%)	3 (100%)	1 (33.3%)
Kamala et al	Case report	2009	1	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Takasawa et al	Case report	2009	1	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Subtil et al	Case series	2010	4	4 (100%)	4 (100%)	0 (0%)
Song et al	Prospective	2010	8	8 (100%)	8 (100%)	2 (25%)
Itoi et al	Case series	2011	2	2 (100%)	2 (100%)	0 (0%)

Table 2 Endoscopic ultrasound guided gall bladder drainage using naso-biliary drainage

Author	Study design	Year of publication	Number of patients	Technical success	Clinical success	Adverse event rate
Lee et al	Prospective	2007	9	9 (100%)	9 (100%)	0 (0%)
Hikichi et al	Retrospective	2007	1	1 (100%)		1 (100%)
Jang et al	Prospective	2012	30	29 (97%)	29 (100%)	0 (0%)
Itoi et al	Retrospective	2008	43	36 (84%)	35 (95%)	4 (9%)

Table 3 Endoscopic ultrasound guided gall bladder drainage using self-expanding metal stents

Author	Type of study	Year of publication	Number of patients included in the study	Technical success (%)	Clinical success (%)	Adverse events (%)
Widmer et al	Retrospective	2015	11	100	100	8
Choi et al	Retrospective	2017	14	85.7	91.7	28.5
Jang et al	Prospective	2011	15	100	100	13
Moon et al	Prospective	2014	7	100	100	0
Takagi et al	Retrospective	2016	16	100	100	6
Ahmed et al	Retrospective	2017	13	100	92.3	7.7
Oh et al	Retrospective	2018	76	99.3	99.3	7.1

Table 4 Endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage using lumen apposing metal stents

Author	Type of study	Year of publication	Number of patients	Technical success (%)	Clinical success (%)	Adverse events (%)
de la Serna-Higuera et al	Retrospective	2013	13	86.4	100	18
Irani et al	Retrospective	2015	15	93	100	13
Walter et al	Prospective	2016	30	90	96	Not available
Law et al	Retrospective	2016	7	100	100	0
Kahaleh et al	Retrospective	2016	35	91.4	89	11
Irani et al	Retrospective	2017	45	98	96	11
Dollhopf et al	Retrospective	2017	75	98.7	95.9	10.7
Teoh et al	Prospective	2017	59	100	100	23.7