Increase in colonic diverticular hemorrhage and confounding factors

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all patients undergoing colonoscopy for overt lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Age, sex and other factors	Overall n = 1803 n (%)
Sex
Male	913 (50.6)
Female	890 (49.4)
Age, yr
Mean	59.0 ± 18.6
≥ 70	582 (32.3)
< 70	1221 (67.7)
BMI, kg/m2
< 18.5	212 (11.8)
18.5 to < 25	1049 (58.2)
≥ 25	337 (18.7)
Unknown	205 (11.4)
Oral drugs
ATDs	308 (17.1)
NSAIDs	115 (6.4)
ATDs + NSAIDs	26 (1.4)
Lifestyle habits
Smoking (current/past)	551 (30.6)
Alcohol drinking (current)	625 (34.7)
Underlying disease
Cerebrovascular disease	171 (9.5)
Ischemic heart disease	143 (7.9)
Hypertension	658 (36.5)
Hyperlipidemia	355 (19.7)
Hyperuricemia	91 (5.0)
Diabetes	207 (11.5)
Chronic liver disease	106 (5.9)
Chronic kidney disease	43 (2.4)
Charlson Risk Index
≤ 1	1413 (78.4)
≥ 2	390 (21.6)
Blood transfusion	130 (7.2)

Each set of values represents mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; ATDs: Antithrombotic drugs; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Table 2 Comparison between early group and late group among patients undergoing colonoscopy for overt lower gastrointestinal bleeding from 1995-2013 n (%)

Age, sex and cause/site of bleeding	All patients (1995-2013)n = 1803	EG (1995-2006)n = 828	LG (2007-2013)n = 975	P-value	Adjusted P-value
Old age (≥ 70 yr)	582 (32.3)	196 (23.7)	386 (39.6)	< 0.01	< 0.01
Male	913 (50.6)	419 (56.0)	495 (50.8)	0.94	0.94
External/internal hemorrhoids	432 (24.0)	212 (25.6)	220 (22.6)	0.13	0.46
Ischemic colitis	316 (17.5)	143 (17.3)	173 (17.7)	0.79	0.1
Colonic DH	273 (15.1)	49 (5.9)	224 (23.0)	< 0.01	< 0.01
Advanced colonic cancer	153 (8.5)	80 (9.7)	73 (7.5)	0.1	0.06
Early colon cancer/colon adenomas/polyps	111 (6.2)	53 (6.4)	58 (5.9)	0.69	0.73
Infectious enteritis	68 (3.8)	37 (4.5)	31 (3.2)	0.15	0.4
Angiodysplasia	27 (1.5)	15 (1.8)	12 (1.2)	0.31	0.26
Drug-related enteritis	23 (1.3)	13 (1.6)	10 (1.0)	0.3	0.32
Others	248 (13.8)	137 (16.5)	111 (11.4)	-	-
No abnormal findings	152 (8.4)	89 (10.7)	63 (6.5)	-	-
Total	1803 (100)	828 (100)	975 (100)	-	-

Adjusted P-value age- and sex-adjusted P-value; No abnormal findings no site identified as origin of bleeding; Each set of values represents number (%). χ² test. EG: Early group: 1995-2006; LG: Late group: 2007-2013; DH: Diverticular hemorrhage.

Table 3 Comparison of old age, sex, and use of antithrombotic drugs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs between patients with and without diverticular hemorrhage n (%)

	DH (n = 273)	Non-DH (n = 1530)	Adjusted P value
Old age (≥ 70 yr)	136 (49.8)	446 (29.2)	< 0.01
Male sex	172 (63.0)	741 (48.4)	< 0.01
Obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)	82 (30.0)	255 (16.7)	< 0.01
ATDs	79 (28.9)	229 (15.0)	< 0.01
NSAIDs	30 (11.0)	85 (5.6)	< 0.01
Smoking (current/past)	124 (45.4)	427 (27.9)	< 0.01
Alcohol drinking (current)	139 (50.9)	486 (31.8)	< 0.01
Cerebrovascular disease	36 (13.2)	134 (8.8)	0.67
Ischemic heart disease	34 (12.5)	109 (7.1)	0.33
Hypertension	178 (65.2)	480 (31.4)	< 0.01
Hyperlipidemia	74 (27.1)	281 (18.4)	< 0.05
Hyperuricemia	20 (7.3)	71 (4.6)	0.78
Diabetes	44 (16.1)	163 (10.7)	< 0.01
Chronic liver disease	13 (4.8)	93 (6.1)	0.1
Chronic kidney disease	8 (2.9)	35 (2.3)	0.94
Charlson Risk Index ≥ 2	79 (28.9)	311 (20.3)	0.67
Blood transfusion	56 (20.5)	74 (4.8)	< 0.01

P value age- and sex-adjusted P-value; χ² test: Each set of values represents n (%). DH: Diverticular hemorrhage; ATDs: Antithrombotic drugs; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BMI: body mass index.