Four-year follow-up of endoscopic gastroplication for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics¹n (%)

Characteristic	Study group (n = 50)
Age (yr)	46 (11)
Male sex	64
Body mass index (kg/m2)	27 (4)
GERD symptom score2
Heartburn	18 (15-20)
Regurgitation	15 (12-18)
SF-20 score3
Physical function	50 (17-75)
Role function	100 (0-100)
Social function	80 (60-100)
Mental health	76 (60-88)
General health	40 (18-70)
Bodily pain perception	75 (50-75)
PPI dose (mg)4	40 (38-54)
Time pH < 4, %	8.4 (6.1-12.7)
LES pressure (kPa)	0.9 (0.3-1.5)
Hiatal hernia length (cm)	1 (1-2)
Esophagitis grade A/B with or without Barrett’s metaplasia, n (%)	38

¹Data are presented for all patients included in the analyses, values enclosed in parentheses are means (SD) or medians (IQR);

²Frequency multiplied with severity; Scores range from 0 to 24 and were scored while off antisecretory drugs;

³Short-Form General Health Survey scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better function, except for the bodily pain perception score;

⁴Proton pump inhibitor dose per day. GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; LES: Lower esophageal sphincter.

Table 2 Outcome at 3 mo post-treatment and at the end of follow-up (median period of 48 mo) n (%)

		3 mo		End of follow-up		P values1
Variable	Baseline	Absolute values	%2	Absolute values	%2	3 mo	End
GERD symptom scores
Heartburn score3	16.4 (5.8)	9.7 (7.6)	-41	11.2 (8.5)	-32	< 0.001	< 0.001
Heartburn frequency	5.0 (1.3)	3.2 (2.1)	-35	3.4 (2.2)	-31	< 0.001	< 0.001
Heartburn severity	3.1 (0.9)	2.3 (1.3)	-26	2.5 (1.4)	-20	< 0.001	< 0.003
Regurgitation score3	15.6 (4.8)	9.9 (7.8)	-37	10.2 (7.3)	-34	< 0.001	< 0.001
Regurgitation frequency	5.0 (1.1)	3.3 (2.2)	-33	3.4 (2.0)	-32	< 0.001	< 0.001
Regurgitation severity	3.1 (0.8)	2.2 (1.4)	-28	2.5 (1.2)	-20	< 0.001	< 0.002
SF-20 scores4
Physical health	46.3 (34)	64.0 (35)	38	60.1 (35)	30	< 0.009	< 0.02
Role function	59.2 (48)	76.7 (39)	31	73.9 (42)	25	< 0.023	< 0.09
Social function	71.4 (32)	81.3 (29)	14	83.2 (28)	16	< 0.026	< 0.006
Mental health	74.0 (18)	73.2 (17)	-1	76.1 (15)	3	NS	NS
General health	43.2 (27)	56.2 (28)	30	62.6 (28)	45	< 0.001	< 0.001
Bodily pain perception	67.4 (26)	48.9 (35)	-27	44.8 (34)	-34	< 0.003	< 0.001

¹Baseline data compared with 3 mo and end of follow-up data (median of 48 mo);

²Change in percentage compared with baseline, to calculate the change, the absolute values rounded to 2 decimal places instead of 1 were used;

³Frequency multiplied with severity. Scores range from 0 to 24;

⁴Short-Form General Health Survey scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better function, except for the bodily pain perception score. GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NS: Not significant.