Crohn’s disease of esophagus, stomach and duodenum

Table 1 Studies that evaluated the involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with Crohn's disease

Authors	Study design	Sample	Objectives	Results
Cameron DJ, 1991[19]	Observational, prospective	56 children and adolescents with CD	Evaluate the results of systematic upper and lower GI endoscopy in 56 patients with newly diagnosed CD	UGI symptoms 25%
				Macroscopic findings: 71%
				H. pylori infection: All the patients were negative
				Epithelioid granuloma: 27%
				Prevalence: 53.6%
Halme et al, 1996[13]	Observational, cross sectional	62 adults with CD	Determine the prevalence of gastritis and H pylori infection in patient with CD	Macroscopic findings : 53.2%
				H. pylori infection: 9.7%
				Microgranulomas: 6.4%
				Prevalence(H. pylori negative chronic gastritis): 34%
Abdullah et al, 2002[17]	Observational, retrospective	111 children (81 CD and 34 UC)	Assess the role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the evaluation of children with suspected inflammatory bowel disease	Macroscopic findings(CD): 64%(52/81)
				Microscopic findings(CD): 81.6%(66/81)
				H. pylori infection: 1.2%
				Epithelioid granuloma: 28.4%
				Macroscopic finding(UC): 50%
				Microscopic finding(UC): 70.6%
				Granuloma: absent
Crocco et al, 2012[18]	Observational, prospective	45 children and adolescents newly diagnosed with CD	Evaluate the prevalence and clinical implications of the upper gastrointestinal localization in pediatric patients affected by CD	UGI symptoms 54%
				Macroscopic findings: 38%(erosions and ulcers), 42.2%(edema and redness)
				H. pylori infection: 4.4%
				Epithelioid granuloma: 27%
Annunziata et al, 2012[14]	Observational, prospective	119 adults with CD(45 newly diagnosed and 74 previous diagnosis)	Evaluate the prevalence of upper GI involvement in consecutive patients with known or suspected CD, irrespective of upper tract symptoms	UGI symptoms: 37%
				Macroscopic findings: 48.7%
				Microscopic findings: 59.7%
				H. pylori infection: 8.4%
				Epithelioid granuloma: 52.6%
				Prevalence (macroscopic + microscopic findings): 16%(19/119)
Sakuraba et al, 2014[15]	Observational, retrospective	138 adults with CD	Define endoscopic UGI lesions and assess their prevalence in a cohort of CD patients	UGI symptoms: 25.4%
				H. pylori infection: 10.8%(4/37)
				Non caseating granuloma: 10.9%
				Prevalence (macroscopic specific findings): 51.3%
Horjus Talabur Horje et al, 2016[16]	Observational, cross sectional	152 adults with CD newly diagnosed	Prospectively evaluate the prevalence of UGI involvement in a consecutive series of newly diagnosed, treatment-naive adult patients with IBD irrespective of upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms	UGI symptoms 21%
				Macroscopic findings: 55%
				Microscopic findings: 71%
				H. pylori infection: 6%
				Epithelioid granuloma: 31%
				Prevalence: 41%
Park et al, 2017[20]	Observational, retrospective	52 pediatrics patients with CD	Evaluate the prevalence of upper GI involvement and identify the clinical features of Korean children with CD symptoms	UGI symptoms: 30.8%
				Macroscopic findings: gastric ulcers (19.2%), duodenal ulcers (15.4%), gastric erosions (17.3%), duodenal erosions (5.8%)
				Microscopic findings: chronic inflammation (75%)
				H. pylori infection: 5.8%
				Granuloma: 9.6%
				Prevalence: 50%

CD: Crohn disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; GI: gastrointestinal; UGI: upper gastrointestinal; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.