Exploring the gut microbiome’s influence on cancer-associated anemia: Mechanisms, clinical challenges, and innovative therapies

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the interplay between gut microbiome, iron metabolism, and systemic inflammation in anemia.

Figure 2 Diagram illustrating microbiome-targeted interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation. GOS: Galactooligosaccharide; FOS: Fructooligosaccharide; SCFA: Short-chain fatty acid.

Figure 3 Comparison of microbiota composition in healthy vs anemic cancer patients. IL: Interleukin; SCFA: Short-chain fatty acid; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Figure 4 Role of dietary intervention in attaining a healthy gut microbiome. DASH: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension; MIND diet: Combines mediterranean and DASH diets.

Figure 5 Dysbiosis-induced immune dysregulation.

Figure 6 Gut microbiome in colon cancer.