Laboratory markers in ulcerative colitis: Current insights and future advances

Table 1 Main biological markers in ulcerative colitis

Serum markers of acute phase response		Response
C-reactive protein		Increased
Erithrocyte sedimentation rate		Increased
Platelet count		Increased
White blood cell count		Increased
Alpha1-acid glycoprotein (Oromucoid)		Increased
Β2-microglobulin		Increased
Sialic acid		Increased
Serum amyloid A		Increased
Ferritin		Increased
Serum albumin	Complement system	Decreased
Trasferrin	Complement system	Decreased
C1s, C2, C3, C4, B	Complement system	Increased
Haptoglogin	Transport proteins	Increased
Haemopexin	Transport proteins	Increased
Caeruloplasmin	Transport proteins	Increased
Alpha1 Antitrypsin	Proteinase inhibitors	Increased
Alpha 1 antichymotrypsin	Proteinase inhibitors	Increased
Fibrinogen	Coagulation and fibrinolytic proteins	Increased
Prothrombin	Coagulation and fibrinolytic proteins	Increased
Plasminogen	Coagulation and fibrinolytic proteins	Increased
Factor XII	Coagulation and fibrinolytic proteins	Decreased
IL-6, IL-1 β- TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, Interferon-β	Cytokines	Increased
Serologic markers/antibodies		Positive rate
ANCAs	Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA, sANCA, pANCA)	2%-28% CD
		20%-85% UC
ASCA	Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies	39%-69% CD
		5%-15% UC
Anti-OmpC	Antibodies to outer membrane porin	24%-50% CD
		5%-11% UC
Anti-Cbir1	Flagellin related antigen	50% CD
		5%-11% UC
Anti-I2	Pseudomonas flourescens-associated sequence I-2	30%-50% CD
		2%-10% UC
Flagellin A4-Fla2 and Fla-X antibodies	Newly identified	About 57% CD
Antilaminaribioside carbohydrate IgG (ALCA)	Antiglycan antibody	17%-28% CD
		4%-7% UC
Antichitobioside carbohydrate IgA (ACCA)	Antiglycan antibody	20%-25% CD
		5%-15% UC
Anti-synthetic mannoside antibodies (ASMA or AMCA)	Antiglycan antibody	28% CD
		18% UC
Pancreatic antibodies	Pancreatic secretion	30%-40% CD
		2%-6% UC
Serum p53 antibodies		9.3% UC

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IL: Interleukin.